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Çalışma Yaşamının Geleceği Kapsamında Yetenek Geliştirme: Turizm Endüstrisi

Year 2020, Issue: 78, 205 - 227, 25.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2020.78.0031

Abstract

Çalışma yaşamının geleceği, Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü’nün 100. kuruluş yılında öne çıkardığı bir girişimdir. İçeriğinde insan kapasitesine yönelik yatırımların arttırılması, işyerlerinde yatırımların arttırılması ve insan onuruna yakışır iş yatırımlarının arttırılması amaçlarını içermektedir. Çalışma yaşamının geleceği kavramı, özellikle otomasyon ve teknolojik gelişmelerin insanların istihdam edilebilirliklerini etkileyen yeteneklerinin çağa uygun geliştirilmesine yönelik tavsiyede bulunmaktadır. İnsan onuruna yakışır iş ise tüm kadın ve erkeklerin eşit şartlar altında istihdam edildikleri, çalışma koşullarının düzgün olduğu, sosyal koruma ve sosyal diyalog kavramlarının yer aldığı bir çalışma sürecidir. Dolayısıyla çalışma yaşamının geleceği, insan onuruna yakışır işi kapsamakla beraber insanların yeteneklerinin değiştirilmesi ve geliştirilmesi vurgusunu da yapmaktadır. Çalışma, kavramsal bir çalışma olup, teknolojik yeniliklerin en çok etkilediği endüstrilerden biri olan turizm endüstrisindeki istihdama yönelik olası tehditlerini ve çözüm önerilerini yetenek geliştirme ve yetenek yönetimi açısından ele almaktadır. Çalışmada sırasıyla Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü hakkında bilgi verilmiş, ardından insan onuruna yakışır iş ve modelleri aktarılmıştır. Çalışmanın geleceği başlığında ise yetenek geliştirme kavramı üzerinde durulmuş, yetenek geliştirme ise Endüstri 4.0 kapsamında detaylı incelenmiştir. Son olarak turizm endüstrisi çalışmanın geleceği açısından örnek endüstri olarak ele alınmış, olası tehditler ve yaratılabilecek fırsatlara sonuç ve öneriler kısmında değinilmiştir. 

Supporting Institution

Yazar bu çalışma için finansal destek almadığını beyan etmiştir.

References

  • Anker, R., Chernyshev, I., Egger, P., Mehran, F., & Ritter, J. A. (2003). Measuring decent work with statistical indicators. International Labour Review, Geneva, 142(2), 147– 178.
  • Bescond, D., Chataignier, A., & Mehran, F. (2003). Seven indicators to measure decent work: An international comparison. International Labour Review, Geneva, 142(2), 179–212.
  • Bonnet, F., Figueiredo, J. B., & Standing, G. (2003). A family of decent work indexes. International Labour Review, Geneva, 142(2), 213–238.
  • Phillpott, S. (2017). Career Addict. 13 Disapperaring Jobs That Won’t Exist in 2030. https://www.careeraddict.com/disappearing-jobs Closing the Skill Gap. https://www.closingtheskillsgap.org/ file:///E:/FUTURE%20 OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/Closing%20the%20Skill%20Gap%20_%202020.pdf
  • Dautovic, G. (2019). Automation and job loss statistics in 2019- The robotsa are coming, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/Automation%20and%20Job%20 Loss%20Statistics%20in%202019%20-%20The%20Robots%20Are%20Coming.pdf
  • European Commision. Threats and opportunities from automation and robotisation. https://ec.europa.eu/ file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/Threats%20 and%20opportunities%20from%20automation%20and%20robotisation%20_%20 Knowledge%20for%20policy.pdf
  • Ghai, D. (2003). Decent work: concepts and indicators. International Labour Review, 142(2), 113–145.
  • Global Commission. (2019). Work for a brighter future. ILO Publications, file:///E:/ FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/wcms_662410.pdf
  • Gurun, F. (2019). Endüstri 4.0. ve beşeri sermayenin geleceği. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 76, 67-88.
  • ILC 87. Decent work, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ILC87%20-%20Report%20 of%20the%20Director-General_%20Decent%20work.pdf
  • ILC 108. ILO centenary declaration for the future of work adopted by the conference at its one hundred and eighth session, Geneva, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ wcms_711674.pdf ILO. Decent work, https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/decent-work/lang--en/index.htm
  • ILO. Future of Work Issue Briefs, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/Future%20 of%20Work%20Issue%20Briefs%20(The%20future%20of%20work).pdf
  • ILO. History of ILO, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ILO%20tarih%C3%A7e. pdf
  • ILO. (2015). The future of work centenary initiative. International Labour Conference. 104th session, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/wcms_369026.pdf
  • ILO. (2017). 2nd meeting of the Global Commission on the future of work. Cluster 3:Technology for social, environmental and economic development. Issue brief 6. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---cabinet/documents/ publication/wcms_618168.pdf
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  • ILO. (2019). The future of work centenary initiative, issue note series 1. Technological changes and work in the future. file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/EN%20 ÖNEMLİ%20KAYNAK-ILO%20TECHNOLOGY%20JOBS.pdf
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  • Manyika, J. (2017). Technology, jobs and the future of work. file:///E:/FUTURE%20 OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/Technology,%20jobs,%20and%20the%20future%20 of%20work%20_%20McKinsey.pdf
  • McKinsey&Company. (2018). Automation and the future of the workforce. Discussion paper. file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/Automation%20and%20 the%20workforce%20of%20the%20future%20_%20McKinsey.pdf
  • MIT. (2019). The work of the future: shaping technology and institutions. Fall 2019 report. file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/WorkoftheFuture_ Report_Shaping_Technology_and_Institutions.pdf
  • Nübler, I. (2016). New Technologies: a jobless future or golden age of job creation?. ILO Research Department Working Paper 13, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ ROBOTICS/wcms_544189.pdf
  • OECD. The OECD jobs strategy. Technology, productiity and job creation, best policy practices. Highlights, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/2759012.pdf
  • Palaz, S. (2005). Düzgün iş kavramı ve ölçümü: Türkiye ve OECD ülkelerinin bir karşılaştırması. İÜ Dergi, 50, 479–505.
  • REVFINE. https://www.revfine.com/robots-hospitality-industry/ Sarı, E. B. (2018). Reflections of industry 4.0. to management of service enterprises:smart hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 2, 33–40.
  • T.C. Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı. (2018). Çalışma Genel Müdürlüğü. Çalışma hayatı istatistikleri 2017, https://www.ailevecalisma.gov.tr/media/3302/ calisma_hayati_2017.pdf
  • Turner, R. (2018). Travel&Tourism Economic Impact 2018 World.
  • WTTC. TÜİK, İşgücü İstatistikleri, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1007
  • TÜİK, İşgücü Maliyeti, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1008
  • Tüzünkan, D. (2015). Türkiye’de turizm sektöründe istihdam politikalarının insan onuruna yakışır iş bakımından incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • UNWTO. (2010). Questionnaire on tourism and employment: overview of results UNWTO statistics and tourism satellite account (tsa) programme room document. 2nd T.20 Ministers Meeting, Republic of Korea, 11 – 13 October 2010 file:///E:/ FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/unwtoemployment.pdf
  • Ünlüönen, K. ve Şahin, S. Z. (2011). Turizmde istihdam. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(37), 1–25.
  • World Tourism Organization and International Labour Organization (UNWTO). (2014). Measuring employment in the tourism industries – guide with best practices, Madrid.

Skill Development in Future of Work: The Case of Tourism Industry

Year 2020, Issue: 78, 205 - 227, 25.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2020.78.0031

Abstract

The future of work is an initiative brought forward by the International Labor Organization on its 100th anniversary. It aims to increase investments in human capacity, increase investments in workplaces and increase business investments in terms of decent work. The future of work is particularly relevant with the development of the capabilities that affect the employability of all people under the threats of automation and technological developments. Decent work is a process in which all men and women are employed under equal and decent working conditions with social protection and social dialogue concepts. Therefore, the future of work includes decent work and emphasizes the need of change and development of people’s skills. The study is a conceptual study and examines the potential threats and solutions on employment in the tourism industry, which is one of the industries most affected by technological innovations, in terms of skills development and skill management. In this study, information was given about the International Labor Organization and then decent work and models were conveyed. In the title of the future of work, the concept of skills development was emphasized and skill development was examined in detail within the scope of Industry 4.0. Finally, the tourism industry is considered as a model industry for the future of work and possible threats and opportunities are discussed in the conclusions and recommendations section.

References

  • Anker, R., Chernyshev, I., Egger, P., Mehran, F., & Ritter, J. A. (2003). Measuring decent work with statistical indicators. International Labour Review, Geneva, 142(2), 147– 178.
  • Bescond, D., Chataignier, A., & Mehran, F. (2003). Seven indicators to measure decent work: An international comparison. International Labour Review, Geneva, 142(2), 179–212.
  • Bonnet, F., Figueiredo, J. B., & Standing, G. (2003). A family of decent work indexes. International Labour Review, Geneva, 142(2), 213–238.
  • Phillpott, S. (2017). Career Addict. 13 Disapperaring Jobs That Won’t Exist in 2030. https://www.careeraddict.com/disappearing-jobs Closing the Skill Gap. https://www.closingtheskillsgap.org/ file:///E:/FUTURE%20 OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/Closing%20the%20Skill%20Gap%20_%202020.pdf
  • Dautovic, G. (2019). Automation and job loss statistics in 2019- The robotsa are coming, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/Automation%20and%20Job%20 Loss%20Statistics%20in%202019%20-%20The%20Robots%20Are%20Coming.pdf
  • European Commision. Threats and opportunities from automation and robotisation. https://ec.europa.eu/ file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/Threats%20 and%20opportunities%20from%20automation%20and%20robotisation%20_%20 Knowledge%20for%20policy.pdf
  • Ghai, D. (2003). Decent work: concepts and indicators. International Labour Review, 142(2), 113–145.
  • Global Commission. (2019). Work for a brighter future. ILO Publications, file:///E:/ FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/wcms_662410.pdf
  • Gurun, F. (2019). Endüstri 4.0. ve beşeri sermayenin geleceği. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 76, 67-88.
  • ILC 87. Decent work, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ILC87%20-%20Report%20 of%20the%20Director-General_%20Decent%20work.pdf
  • ILC 108. ILO centenary declaration for the future of work adopted by the conference at its one hundred and eighth session, Geneva, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ wcms_711674.pdf ILO. Decent work, https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/decent-work/lang--en/index.htm
  • ILO. Future of Work Issue Briefs, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/Future%20 of%20Work%20Issue%20Briefs%20(The%20future%20of%20work).pdf
  • ILO. History of ILO, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ILO%20tarih%C3%A7e. pdf
  • ILO. (2015). The future of work centenary initiative. International Labour Conference. 104th session, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/wcms_369026.pdf
  • ILO. (2017). 2nd meeting of the Global Commission on the future of work. Cluster 3:Technology for social, environmental and economic development. Issue brief 6. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---cabinet/documents/ publication/wcms_618168.pdf
  • ILO. (2019). Report IV. ILO centenary outcome document. file:///E:/FUTURE%20 OF%20WORK/wcms_700622.pdf
  • ILO. (2019). The future of work centenary initiative, issue note series 1. Technological changes and work in the future. file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/EN%20 ÖNEMLİ%20KAYNAK-ILO%20TECHNOLOGY%20JOBS.pdf
  • ILO. ILO’nun tarihçesi, https://www.ilo.org/ankara/about-us/WCMS_372874/lang--tr/ index.htm ILO. ILO nasıl çalışır?, https://www.ilo.org/ankara/about-us/WCMS_372875/lang--tr/ index.htm
  • ILO Manual. (2013). Decent work indicators.ILO Publications, Geneva. Ivanov, S., Gretzel, U., Berezina, K., Sigala, M., & Webster, C. (2019). Progress on robotics in hospitality and tourism: a review of the literature. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology (forthcoming).
  • Ivanov, S. ve Webster C. (2017). Adoption of robots, artificial intelligence and service automation by travel, tourism and hospitality companies – a cost-benefit analysis. International Scientific Conference “Contemporary tourism – traditions and innovations”, 19-21 October 2017, Sofia University.
  • Manyika, J. (2017). Technology, jobs and the future of work. file:///E:/FUTURE%20 OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/Technology,%20jobs,%20and%20the%20future%20 of%20work%20_%20McKinsey.pdf
  • McKinsey&Company. (2018). Automation and the future of the workforce. Discussion paper. file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/Automation%20and%20 the%20workforce%20of%20the%20future%20_%20McKinsey.pdf
  • MIT. (2019). The work of the future: shaping technology and institutions. Fall 2019 report. file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/WorkoftheFuture_ Report_Shaping_Technology_and_Institutions.pdf
  • Nübler, I. (2016). New Technologies: a jobless future or golden age of job creation?. ILO Research Department Working Paper 13, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ ROBOTICS/wcms_544189.pdf
  • OECD. The OECD jobs strategy. Technology, productiity and job creation, best policy practices. Highlights, file:///E:/FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/2759012.pdf
  • Palaz, S. (2005). Düzgün iş kavramı ve ölçümü: Türkiye ve OECD ülkelerinin bir karşılaştırması. İÜ Dergi, 50, 479–505.
  • REVFINE. https://www.revfine.com/robots-hospitality-industry/ Sarı, E. B. (2018). Reflections of industry 4.0. to management of service enterprises:smart hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 2, 33–40.
  • T.C. Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı. (2018). Çalışma Genel Müdürlüğü. Çalışma hayatı istatistikleri 2017, https://www.ailevecalisma.gov.tr/media/3302/ calisma_hayati_2017.pdf
  • Turner, R. (2018). Travel&Tourism Economic Impact 2018 World.
  • WTTC. TÜİK, İşgücü İstatistikleri, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1007
  • TÜİK, İşgücü Maliyeti, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1008
  • Tüzünkan, D. (2015). Türkiye’de turizm sektöründe istihdam politikalarının insan onuruna yakışır iş bakımından incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • UNWTO. (2010). Questionnaire on tourism and employment: overview of results UNWTO statistics and tourism satellite account (tsa) programme room document. 2nd T.20 Ministers Meeting, Republic of Korea, 11 – 13 October 2010 file:///E:/ FUTURE%20OF%20WORK/ROBOTICS/unwtoemployment.pdf
  • Ünlüönen, K. ve Şahin, S. Z. (2011). Turizmde istihdam. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(37), 1–25.
  • World Tourism Organization and International Labour Organization (UNWTO). (2014). Measuring employment in the tourism industries – guide with best practices, Madrid.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science, Business Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Demet Tüzünkan 0000-0003-0440-294X

Publication Date June 25, 2020
Submission Date November 22, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 78

Cite

APA Tüzünkan, D. (2020). Çalışma Yaşamının Geleceği Kapsamında Yetenek Geliştirme: Turizm Endüstrisi. Journal of Social Policy Conferences(78), 205-227. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2020.78.0031
AMA Tüzünkan D. Çalışma Yaşamının Geleceği Kapsamında Yetenek Geliştirme: Turizm Endüstrisi. Journal of Social Policy Conferences. June 2020;(78):205-227. doi:10.26650/jspc.2020.78.0031
Chicago Tüzünkan, Demet. “Çalışma Yaşamının Geleceği Kapsamında Yetenek Geliştirme: Turizm Endüstrisi”. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, no. 78 (June 2020): 205-27. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2020.78.0031.
EndNote Tüzünkan D (June 1, 2020) Çalışma Yaşamının Geleceği Kapsamında Yetenek Geliştirme: Turizm Endüstrisi. Journal of Social Policy Conferences 78 205–227.
IEEE D. Tüzünkan, “Çalışma Yaşamının Geleceği Kapsamında Yetenek Geliştirme: Turizm Endüstrisi”, Journal of Social Policy Conferences, no. 78, pp. 205–227, June 2020, doi: 10.26650/jspc.2020.78.0031.
ISNAD Tüzünkan, Demet. “Çalışma Yaşamının Geleceği Kapsamında Yetenek Geliştirme: Turizm Endüstrisi”. Journal of Social Policy Conferences 78 (June 2020), 205-227. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2020.78.0031.
JAMA Tüzünkan D. Çalışma Yaşamının Geleceği Kapsamında Yetenek Geliştirme: Turizm Endüstrisi. Journal of Social Policy Conferences. 2020;:205–227.
MLA Tüzünkan, Demet. “Çalışma Yaşamının Geleceği Kapsamında Yetenek Geliştirme: Turizm Endüstrisi”. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, no. 78, 2020, pp. 205-27, doi:10.26650/jspc.2020.78.0031.
Vancouver Tüzünkan D. Çalışma Yaşamının Geleceği Kapsamında Yetenek Geliştirme: Turizm Endüstrisi. Journal of Social Policy Conferences. 2020(78):205-27.