Zihinsel engelli ergenlerin cinsel gelişim özellikleri ve ailelerin yaşadığı güçlükler: Tanımlayıcı çalışma
Abstract
Amaç: Zihinsel
engellilikte fiziksel, bilişsel, duygusal, zihinsel alanda yaşanan farklılıklar
cinsel gelişimi etkileyebilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmada zihinsel engelli kız ve
erkek çocukların cinsel gelişim özellikleri ile ergenliğe geçişte yaşadıkları
fiziksel, ruhsal değişimlerin belirlenmesi ve ailelerin yaşadığı güçlüklerin
değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem:
Mersin merkezde 25.05/15.06.2018’de yapılan tanımlayıcı nitelikteki çalışmaya
özel eğitim uygulama merkezlerine devam eden 100 zihinsel engelli çocuğun
ailesi katılmıştır. Mektup yoluyla toplanan anketlerden elde edilen veriler bir
bilgisayar programı ile sayı, yüzde, ortanca ile çözümlenmiştir. Bulgular: Ergenlerin yaş ortancası 16 (14-18)
yıl, %52.2’si kızdır. Erkeklerde birincil ve ikincil seks karakterleri
gelişiminin yaş ortancası 13 ve 15 yaş, kızlarda ise sırasıyla 13 ve 12 yaştır.
35 kız öğrenciden yedisinin (%14.9) sorunsuz şekilde ped kullanımını bildiği
ifade edilmiştir. Menarş ve ejekülasyonda sonra çocuklar sıklıkla utanma,
suçluluk, korku yaşamıştır. 82 ebeveynin %5.6’sı, çocuklarının bu dönemde
bilgilendirilmesinin gerekli olmadığını düşünürken, sadece 16’sı (%17.8)
çocuklarına cinsel eğitim vermiştir. Ebeveynlerin yarıdan fazlası çocuklarının
cinsellikle ilgili sorularına cevap veremediğini belirtirken, en çok
karşılaştığı zorlukları danışabileceği uzmanın olmaması (31 kişi, %34.4) ve
çocuğuna yeterince açık davranıp yakınlık gösterememe (19 kişi, %21.1) olarak
belirtmiştir. Sonuç ve öneriler:
Zihinsel engelli ergenlerin cinsel gelişimi gecikmeli olarak meydana gelmiştir.
Ailelerin cinsel eğitim konusundaki bilgileri sınırlıdır. Zihinsel engellilik
yaşayan çocuklara mastürbasyon, ped değişimi gibi konuların yer aldığı üreme
sağlığı eğitimlerinin verilmesi, ailelerin cinsel eğitim konusunda
yetkinliklerinin geliştirilmesi önerilir.
Keywords
References
- 1. Kijak RJ. A desire for love: Considerations on sexuality and sexual education of people with intellectual disability in Poland. Sex Disabil. 2011;29(1):65–74.
- 2. Çakmak S, Çakmak S. Özel Eğitime Ihtiyaç Duyan Çocuklarda Cinsel Eğitim Uygulamaları. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Vize Yayıncılık; 2013. p.1-120.
- 3. Tekinarslan, İÇ, Eratay E. Zihinsel yetersizliği olan bireylerin ergenlik dönemine uyum sürecinde ebeveyn davranışlarının incelenmesi. Education Sciences. 2013;8(3):363–374.
- 4. Mirzaee HS, Mosallanejad A, Rabbani A, Setoodeh A, Abbasi F, Sayarifard F, Memari AH. Assessment of sexual maturation among girls with special needs in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Pediatr. 2016;26(5):1–4.
- 5. Akrami L, Davudi M. Comparison of behavioral and sexual problems between intellectually disabled and normal adolescent boys during puberty in Yazd, Iran. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci 2014;8(2):68–74.
- 6. McCabe MP. Sexual knowledge, experience and feelings among people with disability. Sex Disabil. 1999;17(2):157–170.
- 7. Katz G, Lazcano-Ponce E. Sexuality in subjects with intellectual disability: An educational intervention proposal for parents and coun. Salud Publica Mex. 2008;50:239–254.
- 8. Yılmaz EF. Engellilerde Cinsel Gelişim ve Cinsel Eğitim Programları. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi; 2013. p.51–130.
- 9. Gürol A, Polat S, Oran T. Views of mothers having children with intellectual disability regarding sexual education: A qualitative study. Sex Disabil. 2014;32(2):123–133.
- 10. Surekha N, Indiramma V, Girimaji S, Pillai R. Sexuality in adolescents with intellectual disability: Felt needs of parents. J Psy Socl Work. 2017;8(2):28–38.
- 11. Collins PY, Pringle B, Alexander C, Darmstadt GL, Heymann J, Huebner G, Kutlesic V, Polk C, Sherr L, Shih A, Sretenov D, Zindel M. Global services and support for children with developmental delays and disabilities: Bridging research and policy gaps. PLoS Med. 2017;14(9): e1002393.
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- 13. Cangöl E, Palas Karaca P, Aslan E. Engelli bireylerde cinsel sağlık. Androloji Bülteni. 2013;53(1):141–149.
- 14. Quint EH., O’Brien RF. Menstrual management for adolescents with disabilities. Pediatrics. 2016;138(1):1–9.
- 15. Yıldız G, Cavkaytar A. Effectiveness of a sexual education program for mothers of young adults with intellectual disabilities on mothers’ attitudes toward sexual education and the perception of social support. Sex Disabil. 2017;137(1):3–19.
- 16. Abacı A, Çatlı G, Aydın M. Çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıklarında tanı ve tedavi kılavuzları. Türkiye Milli Pediatri Derneği; 2014 (Güncelleme tarihi 06.04.2019; Erişim tarihi 12.05.2018) Erişim adresi: https://millipediatri.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/kilavuz-4.pdf
- 17. Terry MB, Goldberg M, Schechter S, Houghton LC, White ML. Comparison of clinical, maternal, and self pubertal assessments: Implications for health studies. Pediatrics. 2016;138(1):1–9.
- 18. Khemka I, Hickson L, Reynolds G. Evaluation of a decision-making curriculum designed to empower women with mental retardation to resist abuse. Am J Ment Retard. 2005;110(3):193.
- 19. Isler A, Beytut D, Arslan FT, Conk Z. A study on sexuality with the parents of adolescents with intellectual disability. Sex Disabil. 2009;27(4):229–237.
- 20. İşler A, Arslan FT, Beytut D, Conk Z. Sexuality in Adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Sex Disabil. 2009:27(1):27–34.
- 21. Karen L, Suzanne G, Sean S, Kevin C. Defining “sexualized challenging behavior” in adults with intellectual disabilities. J Policy Pract Intellect Disabil. 2009;6(4):293–301.
- 22. Altundağ S, Çalbayram NÇ. Teaching menstrual care skills to intellectually disabled female students. Mol Ecol. 2016;25(13–14):1962–1968.
- 23. Joshi GA, Joshi PG. Study of menstrual patterns in adolescent girls with disabilities in a residential institution. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2015;27(1):65–68.
- 24. Klein DA, Gawrys BL, Sylvester JE. Menstrual concerns in an adolescent with disabilities. American Family Physician. 2015:92(9);823–831.
- 25. Pownall JD, Jahoda A, Hastings RP. Sexuality and sex education of adolescents with intellectual disability: Mothers’ attitudes, experiences, and support needs. Intellect Dev Disabil. 2012;50(2):140–154.
- 26. Brunnberg E, Boström M, Berglund M. Sexuality of 15/16-year-old girls and boys with and without modest disabilities. Sex Disabil. 2009:27(3);139–153.
Sexual development in adolescents with intellectual disabilities and difficulties experienced by the parents: A descriptive study
Abstract
Objective:
Physical, cognitive, emotional, mental deficiencies and limitations with
ıntellectual disabilities may affect sexual development of adolescent with
intellectual disabilites. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the physical,
mental, sexual development characteristics of the ıntellectually disabled boys
and girls and the difficulties experienced by the parents. Methods: The descriptive study was conducted between 25.05.2018 and
15.06.2018 in Mersin center by the parents of 100 adolescent with intellectual
disabilities attending special training centers. The data obtained from the
questionnaires collected through the letter. Data were analyzed by a computer
programme with number, percentage, median. Results:
The median age of the adolescents was 16 (14-18) years and 52.2% were female.
The median age of primary and secondary sex characteristics in intellectual
disabled boys were 13 and 15, respectively; 13 and 12 in girls. It was reported
that 14.9% of girls knowing the use of pads without any problem. After menarche
and ejaculation, children often experienced shame, guilt and fear. 5.6% of the
82 parents thought that it wasn’t necessary to inform their children about
sexuality, while only 17.8% of the parents gave sexual education. While more
than half of the parents stated that they couldn’t answer their children’s
questions about sexuality, the most common difficulties were lack of experts
(34.4%) and not to be close to their children (21.1%). Conclusion: The sexual development of intellectual disabled
adolescents was delayed. The parents of adolescent with intellectual
disabilities have limited competencies in sexuality education. Reproductive
health education such as masturbation and pad replacement should be given to
adolescents with intellectually disabled and to improve their parents’
competencies in sexuality
education.
References
- 1. Kijak RJ. A desire for love: Considerations on sexuality and sexual education of people with intellectual disability in Poland. Sex Disabil. 2011;29(1):65–74.
- 2. Çakmak S, Çakmak S. Özel Eğitime Ihtiyaç Duyan Çocuklarda Cinsel Eğitim Uygulamaları. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Vize Yayıncılık; 2013. p.1-120.
- 3. Tekinarslan, İÇ, Eratay E. Zihinsel yetersizliği olan bireylerin ergenlik dönemine uyum sürecinde ebeveyn davranışlarının incelenmesi. Education Sciences. 2013;8(3):363–374.
- 4. Mirzaee HS, Mosallanejad A, Rabbani A, Setoodeh A, Abbasi F, Sayarifard F, Memari AH. Assessment of sexual maturation among girls with special needs in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Pediatr. 2016;26(5):1–4.
- 5. Akrami L, Davudi M. Comparison of behavioral and sexual problems between intellectually disabled and normal adolescent boys during puberty in Yazd, Iran. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci 2014;8(2):68–74.
- 6. McCabe MP. Sexual knowledge, experience and feelings among people with disability. Sex Disabil. 1999;17(2):157–170.
- 7. Katz G, Lazcano-Ponce E. Sexuality in subjects with intellectual disability: An educational intervention proposal for parents and coun. Salud Publica Mex. 2008;50:239–254.
- 8. Yılmaz EF. Engellilerde Cinsel Gelişim ve Cinsel Eğitim Programları. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi; 2013. p.51–130.
- 9. Gürol A, Polat S, Oran T. Views of mothers having children with intellectual disability regarding sexual education: A qualitative study. Sex Disabil. 2014;32(2):123–133.
- 10. Surekha N, Indiramma V, Girimaji S, Pillai R. Sexuality in adolescents with intellectual disability: Felt needs of parents. J Psy Socl Work. 2017;8(2):28–38.
- 11. Collins PY, Pringle B, Alexander C, Darmstadt GL, Heymann J, Huebner G, Kutlesic V, Polk C, Sherr L, Shih A, Sretenov D, Zindel M. Global services and support for children with developmental delays and disabilities: Bridging research and policy gaps. PLoS Med. 2017;14(9): e1002393.
- 12. Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü/ Özürlüler İdaresi Başkanlığı. (2009). Türkiye Özürlüler Araştırması 2002 (İkinci baskı). Ankara: Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü Matbaası
- 13. Cangöl E, Palas Karaca P, Aslan E. Engelli bireylerde cinsel sağlık. Androloji Bülteni. 2013;53(1):141–149.
- 14. Quint EH., O’Brien RF. Menstrual management for adolescents with disabilities. Pediatrics. 2016;138(1):1–9.
- 15. Yıldız G, Cavkaytar A. Effectiveness of a sexual education program for mothers of young adults with intellectual disabilities on mothers’ attitudes toward sexual education and the perception of social support. Sex Disabil. 2017;137(1):3–19.
- 16. Abacı A, Çatlı G, Aydın M. Çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıklarında tanı ve tedavi kılavuzları. Türkiye Milli Pediatri Derneği; 2014 (Güncelleme tarihi 06.04.2019; Erişim tarihi 12.05.2018) Erişim adresi: https://millipediatri.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/kilavuz-4.pdf
- 17. Terry MB, Goldberg M, Schechter S, Houghton LC, White ML. Comparison of clinical, maternal, and self pubertal assessments: Implications for health studies. Pediatrics. 2016;138(1):1–9.
- 18. Khemka I, Hickson L, Reynolds G. Evaluation of a decision-making curriculum designed to empower women with mental retardation to resist abuse. Am J Ment Retard. 2005;110(3):193.
- 19. Isler A, Beytut D, Arslan FT, Conk Z. A study on sexuality with the parents of adolescents with intellectual disability. Sex Disabil. 2009;27(4):229–237.
- 20. İşler A, Arslan FT, Beytut D, Conk Z. Sexuality in Adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Sex Disabil. 2009:27(1):27–34.
- 21. Karen L, Suzanne G, Sean S, Kevin C. Defining “sexualized challenging behavior” in adults with intellectual disabilities. J Policy Pract Intellect Disabil. 2009;6(4):293–301.
- 22. Altundağ S, Çalbayram NÇ. Teaching menstrual care skills to intellectually disabled female students. Mol Ecol. 2016;25(13–14):1962–1968.
- 23. Joshi GA, Joshi PG. Study of menstrual patterns in adolescent girls with disabilities in a residential institution. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2015;27(1):65–68.
- 24. Klein DA, Gawrys BL, Sylvester JE. Menstrual concerns in an adolescent with disabilities. American Family Physician. 2015:92(9);823–831.
- 25. Pownall JD, Jahoda A, Hastings RP. Sexuality and sex education of adolescents with intellectual disability: Mothers’ attitudes, experiences, and support needs. Intellect Dev Disabil. 2012;50(2):140–154.
- 26. Brunnberg E, Boström M, Berglund M. Sexuality of 15/16-year-old girls and boys with and without modest disabilities. Sex Disabil. 2009:27(3);139–153.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2019 |
| Submission Date | April 15, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | July 29, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 12 Issue: 3 |
Cite
Cited By
Zihinsel Yetersizliği Olan Bireylerin Cinsel Yaşamları: Ebeveynlerin Bakış Açısından Bir Değerlendirme
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi
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