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İYİMSERLİK, STRES İÇEREN DURUMLAR VE BAŞA ÇIKMA: BİR DERLEME ÇALIŞMASI

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 2077 - 2089, 25.12.2023

Mehmet Yavuz Furkan Solak Gazanfer Anlı

https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1282133

Abstract

İyimserlik, gelecek zamanın getirilerine yönelik beslenen olumlu genel beklentilerdir. Herkesin yaşamında yakından tanıdığı kavramlardan birisi olan stres ise, birçok tanımı olmasına rağmen, kişide önemli derecede zorluk deneyimi oluşturan durumlar veya çevreyle, kişi arasındaki etkileşimleri anlatır. Başa çıkma, stresörün veya stresin bir şekilde üstesinden gelmek için, durumun kaynağını veya sonuçlarını hedef alarak onları ortadan kaldırmak ya da yatıştırmak amacıyla sergilenen tepkilerdir. Başa çıkmanın temel düzeyde problem-duygu odaklı veya yaklaşma-kaçınma odaklı olarak sınıflandırıldığı görülmektedir. Yaşamdaki zorlu durumlarla başa çıkabilme ve bu doğrultuda izlenen stratejiler açısından iyimserliğin etken bir kavram olduğu çeşitli çalışmalarla gösterilmiştir. Ancak araştırmaların birçoğunun yabancı literatürde gerçekleştirildiği ve iyimserlik bağlamında başa çıkmanın incelendiği araştırmalar bakımından Türkçe literatürün oldukça sınırlı olduğu dikkate alınarak, konuya dair Türkçe derleme çalışması yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya dahil edilen çalışmaların genel bulguları, iyimserliğin başa çıkma stratejilerinden işlevsel olanların seçilmesinde ve diğerlerinin seçilmemesinde etkili olduğunu veya bu doğrultuda ilişkiler gösterdiğini işaret etmektedir. İyimserlik problem veya yaklaşım odaklı stratejilerle pozitif ilişkili olsa da, ilişkiler basit, düz ilişkiden ibaret değildir. İyimserlerin duygusal başa çıkma bağlamında da yaklaşma temelini benimsedikleri görülmektedir. Başa çıkma bağlamında iyimserleri kötümserlerden ayırt eden esas konu, problemler veya onun duygusal doğurgularıyla başa çıkma bağlamında, uzaklaşmanın aksine yaklaşma tarzını seçmeleri ve aktif kişiler olmalarıdır.

Keywords

İyimserlik Stres Başa Çıkma Derleme

References

  • Abbasi, M., Ghadampour, E., Hojati, M., & Senobar, A. (2020). Moderating effects of Hardiness and optimism on negative life events and coping self-efficacy in first-year undergraduate students. Anales de Psicología, 36(3),451–456. doi:10.6018/analesps.402111
  • Akeren, İ. (2021). Lise öğrencilerinde siber zorbalıkla başa çıkmanın yordayıcısı olarak iyimserlik-kötümserlik. Erciyes Journal of Education, 5(1), 87-104.
  • Andersson, G. (1996). The benefits of optimism: A meta-analytic review of the Life Orientation Test. Personality and Individual Differences, 21(5), 719–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(96)00118-3
  • Anisman, H. (2015). Stress and your health: From vulnerability to resilience. Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118850350
  • Aspinwall, L. G., & Taylor, S. E. (1992). Modeling cognitive adaptation: A longitudinal investigation of the impact of individual differences and coping on college adjustment and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(6), 989–1003. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.6.989
  • Billingsley, K. D., Waehler, C. A., & Hardin, S. I. (1993). Stability of optimism and choice of coping strategy. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 76(1), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.1.91
  • Brissette, I., Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (2002). The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.102
  • Carver, C. S., Pozo, C., Harris, S. D., Noriega, V., Scheier, M. F., Robinson, D. S., Ketcham, A. S., Moffat, F. L., Jr, & Clark, K. C. (1993). How coping mediates the effect of optimism on distress: a study of women with early stage breast cancer. Journal of personality and social psychology, 65(2), 375–390. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.65.2.375
  • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2001). Optimism, pessimism, and self-regulation. In E. C. Chang (Ed.), Optimism & pessimism: Implications for theory, research, and practice (pp. 31–51). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10385-002
  • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2002). Optimism. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 231–243). Oxford University Press.
  • Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. (2010). Personality and coping. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 679–704. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100352
  • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2017). Optimism, coping, and well-being. In C. L. Cooper & J. C. Quick (Eds.),The handbook of stress and health: A guide to research and practice (pp. 400–414). Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118993811.ch24
  • Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(7), 879–889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.006
  • Chang, E. C. (1998). Dispositional optimism and primary and secondary appraisal of a stressor: Controlling for confounding influences and relations to coping and psychological and physical adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(4), 1109–1120. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.4.1109
  • Çelebi, G. Y., Feridun, K. A. Y. A., & Yılmaz, M. (2021). Covid 19 pandemisi sürecinde mizahla başa çıkma ile sağlık anksiyetesi arasındaki ilişki: İyimserliğin aracılık rolü. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (40), 24-48.
  • Çetinceli, K. & Mücevher, M. H. (2023). Kadın çalışanlarda iş stresinin ve işe yabancılaşmanın umut ve iyimserlik ile olan ilişkisi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 24-43. https://doi.org/10.31200/makuubd.1240544
  • Dougall, A. L., Hyman, K. B., Hayward, M. C., McFeeley, S., & Baum, A. (2001). Optimism and traumatic stress: The importance of social support and coping. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(2), 223–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb00195.x
  • Ece, S. (2021). Covid 19 pandemi sürecindeki tam kapanma döneminde üniversite öğrencilerinin stres, depresyon ve kaygı düzeylerinin kariyer iyimserliğine etkisi . Gaziantep Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi , 5(2) , 257-270 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/guebd/issue/67489/997190
  • Ertuğrul, B., Tekinyıldız, E., & Alamur, M. (2022). COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Algılanan Stres ile Kariyer İyimserliği İlişkisi, Üniversiteler İçin Yol Haritası: Kesitsel Araştırma. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences, 7(3).
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21(3), 219–239. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136617
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(1), 150–170. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.1.150
  • Hatchett, G. T., & Park, H. L. (2004). Relationships among optimism, coping styles, psychopathology, and counseling outcome. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(8), 1755–1769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.07.014
  • Hart, K. E., & Hittner, J. B. (1995). Optimism and pessimism: Associations to coping and anger-reactivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 19(6), 827–839. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(95)00104-2
  • Ironson, G., Balbin, E., Stuetzle, R., Fletcher, M. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Laurenceau, J. P., Schneiderman, N., & Solomon, G. (2005). Dispositional optimism and the mechanisms by which it predicts slower disease progression in HIV: proactive behavior, avoidant coping, and depression. International journal of behavioral medicine, 12(2), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm1202_6
  • Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer.
  • Long, B. C., & Sangster, J. I. (1993). Dispositional optimism/pessimism and coping strategies: Predictors of psychosocial adjustment of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis patients. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23(13), 1069–1091. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01022.x
  • Martínez-Correa, A., Reyes del Paso, G. A., García-León, A., & González-Jareño, M. I. (2006). Optimismo/pesimismo disposicional y estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés [Relationship between dispositional optimism/pessimism and stress coping strategies]. Psicothema, 18(1), 66–72.
  • Nes, L. S., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2006). Dispositional optimism and coping: a meta-analytic review. Personality and social psychology review: an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc, 10(3), 235–251. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_3
  • Parmaksız, İ. & Avşaroğlu, S. (2012). Öğretmen adaylarının benlik saygısı düzeylerine göre iyimserlik ve stresle başaçıkma stillerinin incelenmesi. İlköğretim Online, 11 (2) , 543-555. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ilkonline/issue/8589/106753
  • Perera, H. N., & McIlveen, P. (2014). The role of optimism and engagement coping in college adaptation: A career construction model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(3), 395–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.03.002
  • Puskar, K. R., Sereika, S. M., Lamb, J., Tusaie-Mumford, K., & McGuinness, T. (1999). Optimism and its relationship to depression, coping, anger, and life events in rural adolescents. Issues in mental health nursing, 20(2), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/016128499248709
  • Rauch, S. A. M., Defever, E., Oetting, S., Graham-Bermann, S. A., & Seng, J. S. (2013). Optimism, coping, and posttraumatic stress severity in women in the childbearing year. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 5(1), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022214
  • Satıcı, S. A., & Deniz, M. E. (2017). Mizahla başa çıkma ve iyilik hali: Psikolojik sağlamlık ve iyimserliğin aracılık rolünün incelenmesi. İlköğretim Online, 16(3), 1343-1356.
  • Seligman, M. E. P. (1998). Learned optimism. New York: Pocket Books.
  • Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4(3), 219–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219
  • Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1987). Dispositional optimism and physical well-being: The influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health. Journal of Personality, 55(2), 169–210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00434.x
  • Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16(2), 201–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01173489
  • Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of personality and social psychology, 67(6), 1063.
  • Scheier, M. F., Matthews, K. A., Owens, J. F., Magovern, G. J., Lefebvre, R. C., Abbott, R. A., & Carver, C. S. (1989). Dispositional optimism and recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery: The beneficial effects on physical and psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1024–1040. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1024
  • Scheier, M. F., Weintraub, J. K., & Carver, C. S. (1986). Coping with stress: divergent strategies of optimists and pessimists. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1257–1264. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1257
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  • Türküm, S. (2001). Stresle başaçıkma biçimi, iyimserlik, bilişsel çarpıtma düzeyleri ve psikolojik yardım almaya ilişkin tutumlar arasındaki ilişkiler: Üniversite öğrencileri üzerinde bir araştırma. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1, 1-16.
  • Wrosch, C., & Scheier, M. F. (2003). Personality and quality of life: The importance of optimism and goal adjustment. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 12(Suppl1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023529606137

OPTIMISM, STRESSFUL SITUATIONS AND COPING: A REVIEW STUDY

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 2077 - 2089, 25.12.2023

Mehmet Yavuz Furkan Solak Gazanfer Anlı

https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1282133

Abstract

Optimism is a positive general expectation of the future. Stress, which is one of the concepts that everyone is familiar with in their lives, although it has many definitions, describes the interactions between the person and situations or the environment that create a considerable experience of difficulty for the person. Coping is the reactions exhibited to overcome the stressor or stress in some way, targeting the source or consequences of the situation to eliminate or alleviate them. At a basic level, coping is categorized as problem-emotion focused or approach-avoidance focused. Numerous studies have shown that optimism is an effective concept in terms of coping with demanding situations in life and the strategies followed in this direction. However, considering that most of the studies were conducted in foreign literature and the Turkish literature is quite limited in terms of studies examining coping in the context of optimism, it was aimed to conduct a review study on the subject in Turkish. The general findings of the studies included in the research indicate that optimism is effective in the selection of functional coping strategies and the non-selection of others or shows relationships in this direction. Although optimism is positively related to problem- or approach-oriented strategies, the relationships are not simple, straightforward relationships. Optimists are also seen to adopt an approach-based approach in the context of emotional coping. The main issue that distinguishes optimists from pessimists in the context of coping is that they are active people who choose the approaching style as opposed to distancing in the context of coping with problems or their emotional implications.

Keywords

Optimism Stress Coping Review

References

  • Abbasi, M., Ghadampour, E., Hojati, M., & Senobar, A. (2020). Moderating effects of Hardiness and optimism on negative life events and coping self-efficacy in first-year undergraduate students. Anales de Psicología, 36(3),451–456. doi:10.6018/analesps.402111
  • Akeren, İ. (2021). Lise öğrencilerinde siber zorbalıkla başa çıkmanın yordayıcısı olarak iyimserlik-kötümserlik. Erciyes Journal of Education, 5(1), 87-104.
  • Andersson, G. (1996). The benefits of optimism: A meta-analytic review of the Life Orientation Test. Personality and Individual Differences, 21(5), 719–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(96)00118-3
  • Anisman, H. (2015). Stress and your health: From vulnerability to resilience. Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118850350
  • Aspinwall, L. G., & Taylor, S. E. (1992). Modeling cognitive adaptation: A longitudinal investigation of the impact of individual differences and coping on college adjustment and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(6), 989–1003. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.6.989
  • Billingsley, K. D., Waehler, C. A., & Hardin, S. I. (1993). Stability of optimism and choice of coping strategy. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 76(1), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.1.91
  • Brissette, I., Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (2002). The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.102
  • Carver, C. S., Pozo, C., Harris, S. D., Noriega, V., Scheier, M. F., Robinson, D. S., Ketcham, A. S., Moffat, F. L., Jr, & Clark, K. C. (1993). How coping mediates the effect of optimism on distress: a study of women with early stage breast cancer. Journal of personality and social psychology, 65(2), 375–390. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.65.2.375
  • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2001). Optimism, pessimism, and self-regulation. In E. C. Chang (Ed.), Optimism & pessimism: Implications for theory, research, and practice (pp. 31–51). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10385-002
  • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2002). Optimism. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 231–243). Oxford University Press.
  • Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. (2010). Personality and coping. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 679–704. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100352
  • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2017). Optimism, coping, and well-being. In C. L. Cooper & J. C. Quick (Eds.),The handbook of stress and health: A guide to research and practice (pp. 400–414). Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118993811.ch24
  • Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(7), 879–889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.006
  • Chang, E. C. (1998). Dispositional optimism and primary and secondary appraisal of a stressor: Controlling for confounding influences and relations to coping and psychological and physical adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(4), 1109–1120. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.4.1109
  • Çelebi, G. Y., Feridun, K. A. Y. A., & Yılmaz, M. (2021). Covid 19 pandemisi sürecinde mizahla başa çıkma ile sağlık anksiyetesi arasındaki ilişki: İyimserliğin aracılık rolü. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (40), 24-48.
  • Çetinceli, K. & Mücevher, M. H. (2023). Kadın çalışanlarda iş stresinin ve işe yabancılaşmanın umut ve iyimserlik ile olan ilişkisi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 24-43. https://doi.org/10.31200/makuubd.1240544
  • Dougall, A. L., Hyman, K. B., Hayward, M. C., McFeeley, S., & Baum, A. (2001). Optimism and traumatic stress: The importance of social support and coping. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(2), 223–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb00195.x
  • Ece, S. (2021). Covid 19 pandemi sürecindeki tam kapanma döneminde üniversite öğrencilerinin stres, depresyon ve kaygı düzeylerinin kariyer iyimserliğine etkisi . Gaziantep Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi , 5(2) , 257-270 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/guebd/issue/67489/997190
  • Ertuğrul, B., Tekinyıldız, E., & Alamur, M. (2022). COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Algılanan Stres ile Kariyer İyimserliği İlişkisi, Üniversiteler İçin Yol Haritası: Kesitsel Araştırma. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences, 7(3).
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21(3), 219–239. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136617
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(1), 150–170. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.1.150
  • Hatchett, G. T., & Park, H. L. (2004). Relationships among optimism, coping styles, psychopathology, and counseling outcome. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(8), 1755–1769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.07.014
  • Hart, K. E., & Hittner, J. B. (1995). Optimism and pessimism: Associations to coping and anger-reactivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 19(6), 827–839. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(95)00104-2
  • Ironson, G., Balbin, E., Stuetzle, R., Fletcher, M. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Laurenceau, J. P., Schneiderman, N., & Solomon, G. (2005). Dispositional optimism and the mechanisms by which it predicts slower disease progression in HIV: proactive behavior, avoidant coping, and depression. International journal of behavioral medicine, 12(2), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm1202_6
  • Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer.
  • Long, B. C., & Sangster, J. I. (1993). Dispositional optimism/pessimism and coping strategies: Predictors of psychosocial adjustment of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis patients. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23(13), 1069–1091. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01022.x
  • Martínez-Correa, A., Reyes del Paso, G. A., García-León, A., & González-Jareño, M. I. (2006). Optimismo/pesimismo disposicional y estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés [Relationship between dispositional optimism/pessimism and stress coping strategies]. Psicothema, 18(1), 66–72.
  • Nes, L. S., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2006). Dispositional optimism and coping: a meta-analytic review. Personality and social psychology review: an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc, 10(3), 235–251. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_3
  • Parmaksız, İ. & Avşaroğlu, S. (2012). Öğretmen adaylarının benlik saygısı düzeylerine göre iyimserlik ve stresle başaçıkma stillerinin incelenmesi. İlköğretim Online, 11 (2) , 543-555. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ilkonline/issue/8589/106753
  • Perera, H. N., & McIlveen, P. (2014). The role of optimism and engagement coping in college adaptation: A career construction model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(3), 395–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.03.002
  • Puskar, K. R., Sereika, S. M., Lamb, J., Tusaie-Mumford, K., & McGuinness, T. (1999). Optimism and its relationship to depression, coping, anger, and life events in rural adolescents. Issues in mental health nursing, 20(2), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/016128499248709
  • Rauch, S. A. M., Defever, E., Oetting, S., Graham-Bermann, S. A., & Seng, J. S. (2013). Optimism, coping, and posttraumatic stress severity in women in the childbearing year. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 5(1), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022214
  • Satıcı, S. A., & Deniz, M. E. (2017). Mizahla başa çıkma ve iyilik hali: Psikolojik sağlamlık ve iyimserliğin aracılık rolünün incelenmesi. İlköğretim Online, 16(3), 1343-1356.
  • Seligman, M. E. P. (1998). Learned optimism. New York: Pocket Books.
  • Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4(3), 219–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219
  • Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1987). Dispositional optimism and physical well-being: The influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health. Journal of Personality, 55(2), 169–210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00434.x
  • Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16(2), 201–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01173489
  • Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of personality and social psychology, 67(6), 1063.
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There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section PSİKOLOJİ
Authors

Mehmet Yavuz Furkan Solak This is me 0000-0001-7209-0808

Gazanfer Anlı 0000-0002-6141-7964

Early Pub Date December 20, 2023
Publication Date December 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Solak, M. Y. F., & Anlı, G. (2023). İYİMSERLİK, STRES İÇEREN DURUMLAR VE BAŞA ÇIKMA: BİR DERLEME ÇALIŞMASI. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 13(4), 2077-2089. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1282133
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