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COVID-19 Pandemisinin Sosyal Yaşam ve Etik Düzlem Üzerine Etkileri: Bir Değerlendirme Çalışması

Yıl 2020, Sayı: Special Issue on COVID 19, 142 - 153, 20.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.721864

Öz

Dünya genelinde yaygın bir pandemi oluşturan COVID-19 salgını yaşamı ciddi anlamda tehdit etmeye devam etmektedir. Aslında beklenmeyen bir zamanda, Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Hubei eyaleti Wuhan kentinden başlayan bu hastalık hakkında var olan bilgiler her gün değişirken, hastalığın hızlı bulaşma şekli, hasta ve ölüm sayılarının sürekli artması sebebiyle var olan panik ve endişe bir tür korkuya dönüşmüş durumdadır. Makalemizi yazdığımız sırada geçen 4 ay içerisinde COVID-19 hakkında literatüre kazandırılan ve çoğunlukla bilimsel verilere dayandırılan makaleler, hastalık hakkında doğru bilgilenmenin sağlanmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu nedenle makalenin belirtilen amaca yönelik hazırlanmasına özen gösterilmiştir. Hastalığın farklı seyreden klinik prognozu, görüldüğü yaş grupları ve yayılışı dikkate alındığında; konunun sadece tıbbi boyutla sınırla kalmayacağı, sosyokültürel, etik ve ahlâk, hukuk, eğitim, turizm, ekonomi, tarım, halk sağlığı açısından olumsuz bazı etkileri olabileceği tahmin edilebilir. Çıkış noktası burası olan bu makalede, internet üzerinden doğruluk payı fazla olan haber kaynaklarına ve bilimsel literatüre dayalı olarak, COVID-19 pandemisinin sosyal yaşam ve etik düzlemi etkileyen olumsuzluklarını inceleyen ve değerlendiren bir içeriğe yer verilmiştir. Hastalığın ilk etki dalgasındaki durumunu özetleyen bu tür makalelerin COVID-19’un ortaya çıkardığı tıbbi ve sosyal sorunların doğru algılanacağına ve yeni çalışmalara kaynak teşkil edeceğine inanıyoruz.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Teşekkür

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Kaynakça

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Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Life and Ethical Plane : An Evaluation Study

Yıl 2020, Sayı: Special Issue on COVID 19, 142 - 153, 20.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.721864

Öz

COVID-19 has become a widespread pandemic across the world and continues to threaten life seriously. The disease emerged in December 2019, an unexpected time in fact, in Wuhan city in the Hubei province of China. The existing information on the disease is changing every day and the existing panic and anxiety arising from fast spread of the disease and constantly increasing number of deaths have turned into a kind of fear. The articles on COVID-19 that are mostly based on scientific data, which have been included in the literature within the last 4 months during which we wrote our article, have helped provide correct information on the disease. Therefore, care was taken in preparing the present article to ensure that it serves the same purpose. Taking into consideration the clinical prognosis of the disease that follows a different course, the age groups being affected and the way it spreads, it can be estimated that the issue will not remain limited to its medical dimension but may have some negative socio-cultural, ethical and moral, legal, educational, tourism-related, economical, agricultural, and public health impacts. With this starting point, this article includes a content that examines and evaluates the adversities of the COVID-19 pandemic affecting social life and ethical plane, based on the news sources on the Internet with a high rate of correctness and scientific literature. We believe that this type of articles summarizing the status of the disease at its first wave of impact will help perceive the medical and social problems caused by COVID-19 and will serve as a source for further studies.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Lu H. Stratton CW. Tang YW. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. J Med Virol. 2020;92:401–402.
  • 2. Zhao S. Musa SS. Lin Q. Ran J. Yang G. Wang W. Et al. Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early. Outbreak. J. Clin. Med. 2020; 9, 388.
  • 3. Hui DS. Azhar EI. Madani TA. Ntoumi F. Kock R. Dar O. et al. The continuing COVID-19 epidemic threat of novel coronavirusesto global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak inWuhan, China. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 91. 2020;264-266.
  • 4. Yeni Koronavirüs “COVID-19” Nedir? https://www.yeditepe.edu.tr/tr/duyuru/yeni-koronavirus-COVID-19-nedir (Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2020).
  • 5. Tesini BL. Coronaviruses and Acute Respiratory Syndromes (COVID-19, MERS, and SARS) Coronaviruses and Acute Respiratory Syndromes (COVID-19, MERS, and SARS). https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/respiratory viruses/coronaviruses-and-acute-respiratory-syndromes-COVID-19,-mers,-and-sars (Erişim Tarihi: 27.03.2020)
  • 6. Koronavirüs neden hızlı yayıldı? Corona Virüsü. https://www.e-psikiyatri.com/koronavirus-neden-hizli-yayildi-corona-virusu (Erişim Tarihi: 27.03.2020)
  • 7. Deng CX. The global battle against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16 (10): 1676-1677.
  • 8. Menachery VD. Yount Jr BL. Debbink K. Agnihothram S. Gralinski LE. Plante JA. et. al. A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence. Nature Medicine. 2015; Number 12, December;1508-1514.
  • 9. Liu SL. Saif LJ. Weiss SR. Su L. No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2. Emerging Microbes & Infections. 2020,VOL. 9, 505-507.
  • 10. Hao P. Zhong W. Song S. Fan S. Li X. Is SARS-CoV-2 originated from laboratory? A rebuttal to the claim of formation via laboratory recombination. Emerging Microbes & Infections .2020, VOL. 9, 545-547.
  • 11. Germany’s 2012 Covid scenario became real in 2020. https://www.foreigner.fi/articulo/news/germany-s-2012-covid-scenario-became-real/20200325014404004958.html (Erişim Tarihi: 03.04.2020)
  • 12. Deutscher Bundestag. 17. Wahlperiode. Drucksache 17/12051. 03. 01. 2013;2-88.
  • 13. First COVID-19 case happened in November, China government records show – report. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/13/first-COVID-19-case-happened-in-november-china-government-records-show-report (Erişim Tarihi 27.03.2020)
  • 14. China’s top court says it was a mistake to quell early “rumors” about the Wuhan virüs. https://qz.com/1793764/china-court-says-wuhan-coronavirus-rumors-might-have-helped/ (Erişim Tarihi 27.03.2020)
  • 15. Li Wenliang: Coronavirus death of Wuhan doctor sparks anger. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51409801 (Erişim Tarihi: 13.04.2020)
  • 16. A visual history of pandemics. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/a-visual-history-of-pandemics/ (Erişim Tarihi: 31.03.2020)
  • 17. DeWitte SN. Mortality Risk and Survival in the Aftermath of the Medieval Black Death. Plos One. Mayıs 2014; Volume 9. Issue 5. e96513.
  • 18. 3.4% Mortality Rate estimate by the World Health Organization (WHO) as of March 3 2020. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-death-rate/#correct (Erişim Tarihi: 05.04.2020)
  • 19. Coronavirus: case fatality rates by age. https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2020/03/COVID-CFR-by-age-1536x1190.png (Erişim Tarihi: 06.04.2020)
  • 20. Covıd-19 Coronavırus Pandemıc (15.04.2020). https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ (Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2020) 21. VanderWeele TJ. Chen Y. Long K. Kim ES. Trudel-Fitzgerald C. Kubzansky LD. Positive Epidemiology? Epidemiology. 2020; (31),2;189-192.
  • 22. Morens DM. Folkers GK. Fauci AS. What Is a Pandemic? JID 2009:200 (1 October);1081-1021.
  • 23. More than 1,700 health workers infected by coronavirus in China. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/14/more-than-1700-health-workers-infected-by-coronavirus-in-china (Erişim Tarihi: 13.04.2020)
  • 24. Trump keeps touting an unproven coronavirus treatment. It’s now being tested on thousands in New York. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/03/26/trump-keeps-touting-an-unproven-coronavirus-treatment-its-now-being-tested-thousands-new-york/ (Erişim Tarihi: 31.03.2020)
  • 25. Trump touted hydroxychloroquine as a cure for COVID-19. Don't believe the hype. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/28/coronavirus-cure-fact-check-hydroxychloroquine-trump (Erişim Tarihi: 31.03.2020)
  • 26. Commissioner calls for release of immigration detainees while COVID-19 crisis continues. https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/commissioner-calls-for-release-of-immigration-detainees-while-COVID-19-crisis-continues (Erişim Tarihi: 31.03.2020)
  • 27. https://tr.sputniknews.com/koronavirus-salgini/202004011041735206-cinden-trtye-boyle-gercek-disi-video-ve-yalan-haber-yapmak-1-nisan-sakasi-mi/ (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2020)
  • 28. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/05/asia/china-coronavirus-wildlife-consumption-ban-intl-hnk/index.html (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2020)
  • 29. Gierueld JDJ. Tilburg TV. Dvkstra PA. Loneliness and Social Isolation. The Cambrıdce Handbook Of Personal Relatıonshıps. 2006;485-500.
  • 30. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 72. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200401-sitrep-72-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=3dd8971b_2 (Erişim Tarihi: 05.04.2020)
  • 31. Time is of the essence – Countries of the Americas must act now to slow the spread of COVID-19. https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15762:time-is-of-the-essence-countries-of-the-americas-must-act-now-to-slow-the-spread-of-covid-19&catid=740&lang=en&Itemid=1926 (Erişim Tarihi: 05.04.2020)
  • 32. In a time of distancing due to coronavirus, the health threat of loneliness looms. https://www.statnews.com/2020/03/28/coronavirus-isolation-loneliness-health/ (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2020)
  • 33. Coronavirus risks making older people lonelier than they already are. https://qz.com/1815671/coronavirus-is-making-older-people-even-lonelier/ (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2020)
  • 34. Isolation of older Americans prompts fears amid coronavirus. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/11/isolation-older-americans-elderly-people-worry-coronavirus (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2020)
  • 35. 65 Yaş ve Üstü ile Kronik Rahatsızlığı Olanlara Sokağa Çıkma Yasağı Ek Genelgesi/22.03.2020. https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/65-yas-ve-ustu-ile-kronik-rahatsizligi-olanlara-sokaga-cikma-yasagi-ek-genelgesi (Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2020)
  • 36. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2020)
  • 37. Coronavirus and aid: What we’re watching, 2-8 April. https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2020/04/02/coronavirus-humanitarian-aid-response (Erişim Tarihi: 08.04.2020)
  • 38. Tourısm and Covıd-19. https://www.unwto.org/tourism-covid-19 (Erişim Tarihi: 08.94.2020)
  • 39. İçişleri bakanlığı/Duyurular. https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/2-gun-sokaga-cikma-yasagi (Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2020)
  • 40. 290 million students out of school due to COVID-19: UNESCO releases first global numbers and mobilizes response. https://en.unesco.org/news/290-million-students-out-school-due-covid-19-unesco-releases-first-global-numbers-and-mobilizes (Erişim Tarihi: 13.04.2020)
  • 41. Handbook on Facilitating Flexible Learning, March ,2020. https://iite.unesco.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Handbook-on-Facilitating-Flexible-Learning-in-COVID-19-Outbreak-SLIBNU-V1.2-20200315.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 13.04.2020)
  • 42. EBA TV Ders Yayını. http://www.eba.gov.tr/ (Erişim Tarihi: 08.04.2020)
  • 43. Basın Açıklaması (26.03.2020) Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanı Prof. Dr. M. A. Yekta Saraç. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/YKS%20Ertelenmesi%20Bas%C4%B1n%20A%C3%A7%C4%B1klamas%C4%B1.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 08.04.2020)
  • 44. Coronavirus (COVID 19): online education resources. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-online-education-resources (Erişim Tarihi: 08.04.2020)
  • 45. More on UNESCO's COVID-19 Education Response . https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/solutions (Erişim Tarihi: 08.04.2020)
  • 46. COVID-19: Implications for business. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/risk/our-insights/covid-19-implications-for-business (Erişim Tarihi: 14.04.2020)
  • 47. Baldwin R. Weder di Mauro B. Economics in the Time of COVID-19. A CEPR Press VoxEU.org eBook.2020;1-133.
  • 48. New OECD outlook on the global economy. http://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/en/#policy-responses (Erişim Tarihi: 14.04.020) 49. COVID-19 and the world of work: Impact and policy responses. ILO Monitor 1st Edition/18 Mart 2020. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcms_738753.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 14.04.2020)
  • 50. Mitigating impacts of COVID-19 on food trade and markets. http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1268719/icode/ (Erişim Tarihi: 08.04.2020)
  • 51. Ziraat Mühendisleri Odasından Tarımsal Üretim Seferberliği Çağrısı, 26.03.2020 tarihli basın açıklaması. https://www.tarimdanhaber.com/tarim/ziraat-muhendisleri-odasindan-tarimsal-uretim-seferberligi-cagrisi-h14051.html. (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2020)
  • 52. COVID-19: Agri-food sector calls on EU to avert agricultural disruption. https://www.euractiv.com/section/agriculture-food/news/COVID-19-agri-food-sector-calls-on-eu-to-avert-agricultural-disruption/ (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2020)
  • 53. Coronavirus Epidemic Hits Italy's Agriculture Sector. https://www.oliveoiltimes.com/production/coronavirus-epidemic-hits-italys-agriculture-sector/80460 (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2020)
  • 54. Coronavirus lockdown leaves Italian farmers struggling to plant for spring. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-italy-farming/coronavirus-lockdown-leaves-italian-farmers-struggling-to-plant-for-spring-idUSKBN20Z2WD (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2020)
  • 55. COVID-19: France Calls Unemployed to Work in Fields As Borders Stay Close. https://www.euractiv.com/section/coronavirus/news/COVID-19-france-calls-unemployed-to-work-in-fields-as-borders-stay-closed/ (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2020).
  • 56. Farmers Help Fight Coronavirus in Spain. https://www.oliveoiltimes.com/world/farmers-help-fight-coronavirus-in-spain/80723 (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2020).
  • 57. Overview: Global impact of Corona virus on fresh produce markets. https://www.hortidaily.com/article/9200856/overview-global-impact-of-corona-virus-on-fresh-produce-markets/ (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2020)
  • 58. The Effects of COVID-19 Will Ripple through Food Systems. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-effects-of-COVID-19-will-ripple-through-food-systems/ (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2020)
  • 59. Covıd-19 (Novel Coronavırus Dısease) Informatıon. https://agr.wa.gov/about-wsda/news-and-media-relations/COVID-19 (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2020)
  • 60. Impact of COVID-19 on Agriculture. https://www.fb.org/issues/impact-of-COVID-19-on-agriculture (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2020)
  • 61. Iserson KV, Moskop JC. Triage in medicine, Part I: Concept, history and types. Ann Emerg Med 2007, 49(3):275-81.
  • 62. Beauchamp TL, Childress JF, Principles of Biomedical Ethics (Fifth Edition), Oxford University Press, 2001, 12.
  • 63. Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences. COVID-19 pandemic: triage for intensive-care treatment under resource scarcity. Swiss Med Wkly. 2020;150:w20229;1-4.
  • 64. The grim ethical dilemma of rationing medical care, explained. https://www.vox.com/coronavirus-covid19/2020/3/31/21199721/coronavirus-covid-19-hospitals-triage-rationing-italy-new-york (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2020)
  • 65. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/03/23/world/science-health-world/emergency-triage-coronavirus-strains-hospitals/#.XowqI_kzaos (07.04.2020)
  • 66. https://www.radiologybusiness.com/topics/care-delivery/ultrasound-coronavirus-covid-19-x-ray-ct-scan-radiology (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2020)
  • 67. https://www.statnews.com/2020/03/10/covid-19-gets-bad-are-we-prepared-for-triage/ (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2020)
  • 68. Hanna TP. Evans GA. Booth CM. Cancer, COVID-19 and the precautionary principle: prioritizing treatment during a global pandemic.April 2020. Nature Reviews; Clinical Oncology.
  • 69. Triage of Suspected COVID-19 Patients in non-US Healthcare Settings. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/non-us-settings/sop-triage-prevent-transmission.html (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2020)
  • 70. Türkiye'de ücretsiz maske dağıtımı başladı. https://www.dw.com/tr/t%C3%BCrkiyede-%C3%BCcretsiz-maske-da%C4%9F%C4%B1t%C4%B1m%C4%B1-ba%C5%9Flad%C4%B1/a-53025684 (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2020)
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm ORJİNAL MAKALE
Yazarlar

Çağatay ÜSTÜN 0000-0001-7834-6616

Seçil ÖZÇİFTÇİ 0000-0002-7320-961X

Proje Numarası Yoktur.
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Mart 2020
Kabul Tarihi 24 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: Special Issue on COVID 19

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver ÜSTÜN Ç, ÖZÇİFTÇİ S. COVID-19 Pandemisinin Sosyal Yaşam ve Etik Düzlem Üzerine Etkileri: Bir Değerlendirme Çalışması. Anadolu Klin. 2020;25(Special Issue on COVID 19):142-53.

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