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SES SEMBOLİZMİ VE NESNE ALGISI İLİŞKİSİNE DAİR BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 899 - 906, 18.10.2023

Öz

Ses sembolizmi, sözcüklerin ses özellikleri ve anlamları arasında rastgele olmayan bir ilişki olduğuyla ilgilidir. Bu konudaki nesnelerle ilgili yapılan çalışmalarda ses frekansının algılanan şekiller ile olan sistematik ilişkisi olarak sıklıkla araştırılmıştır. İnsanlar daha yüksek frekanslı sesleri açısal şekillerle ve düşük frekanslı sesleri yuvarlak şekillerle ilişkilendirir ve bu da Buba/Kiki etkisi olarak bilinir. Buna paralel olarak /i/ sesinin genellikle küçük, /a/ sesinin ise büyüklük özellikleriyle ilişkilendirildiği bulunmuştur. Dolayısıyla ses sembolizmi boyut algısında da görülmektedir. Ses sembolik kelimelerin bir alt grubu olan yansıma kelimeler tanımladıkları malzemelerin sesini taklit eder. Japonca'da bu kelimeler, diğer duyusal deneyimlerin yanı sıra yüzey malzemesi niteliklerinin algılanmasıyla da bağlantılıdır. Japonca'ya benzer şekilde, Türkçe de günlük konuşmalarda sıkça kullanılan ses sembolik kelimeler bakımından oldukça zengindir (örneğin, şap şap, tıkır tıkır). Bu yazıda öncelikle Buba/Kiki etkisi etrafında alanyazındaki ses-şekil ilişkilendirmelerine örnekler verilecektir. Daha sonra ses-boyut ilişkisine değinilecektir. Son olarak ses sembolizminin nesnelerin sadece şekil veya boyutlarıyla ilgili değil, malzemeleriyle de ilgili olduğunu gösteren çalışmalara yer verilecektir. Türkçe’deki kısıtlı örneklere değinilerek yazı sonlandırılacaktır.

Proje Numarası

TÜBİTAK 1001 122K914

Kaynakça

  • Akteker, O. (2022). Doğal konuşucunun ses sembolizmine dair sezgisel bilgileri üzerine bir araştırma. Çukurova Üniversitesi Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 1007-1035.
  • Akyıldız Ay, D. (2017) Ses Sembolizmi ve Ses-Anlam Uyumunun Farklı Bir Sınıflandırma Denemesi. Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dergisi, Cilt: 57, Sayı: 57, s. 17-27.
  • Blasi, D. E., Wichmann, S., Hammarström, H., Stadler, P. F., & Christiansen, M. H. (2016). Sound–meaning association biases evidenced across thousands of languages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(39), 10818-10823.
  • Bremner, A. J., Caparos, S., Davidoff, J., de Fockert, J., Linnell, K. J., & Spence, C. (2013). “Bouba” and “Kiki” in Namibia? A remote culture make similar shape–sound matches, but different shape–taste matches to Westerners. Cognition, 126(2), 165-172.
  • Brogaard, B., & Gatzia, D. E. (2017). Is color experience cognitively penetrable?. Topics in Cognitive Science, 9(1), 193-214.
  • Cavdan, M. ve Dövencioğlu, D. N. (2023) Dokunsal Yumuşaklık Algısına İlişkin Bir İnceleme. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(2).
  • Ćwiek, A., Fuchs, S., Draxler, C., Asu, E. L., Dediu, D., Hiovain, K., ... & Winter, B. (2022). The Bouba/Kiki effect is robust across cultures and writing systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 377(1841), 20200390.
  • Dövencioǧlu, D. N., Üstün, F. S., Doerschner, K., & Drewing, K. (2022). Hand explorations are determined by the characteristics of the perceptual space of real-world materials from silk to sand. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 14785.
  • Erben Johansson, N., Anikin, A., Carling, G. & Holmer, A. (2020). The typology of sound symbolism: Defining macro-concepts via their semantic and phonetic features. Linguistic Typology, 24(2), 253-310. https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2020-2034
  • Firestone, C., & Scholl, B. J. (2016). Cognition does not affect perception: Evaluating the evidence for “top-down” effects. Behavioral and brain sciences, 39, e229.
  • Fort, M., Martin, A., & Peperkamp, S. (2015). Consonants are more important than vowels in the Bouba-Kiki effect. Language and Speech, 58(2), 247-266.
  • Fryer, L., Freeman, J., & Pring, L. (2014). Touching words is not enough: How visual experience influences haptic–auditory associations in the “Bouba–Kiki” effect. Cognition, 132(2), 164-173
  • Hansen T, Olkkonen M, Walter S, Gegenfurtner K R. (2006) Memory modulates color appearance. Nature Neuroscience.9:1367–1368. doi: 10.1038/nn1794.
  • Hung, S. M., Styles, S. J., & Hsieh, P. J. (2017). Can a word sound like a shape before you have seen it? Sound-shape mapping prior to conscious awareness. Psychological Science, 28(3), 263-275.
  • Imai, M., & Kita, S. (2014). The sound symbolism bootstrapping hypothesis for language acquisition and language evolution. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological sciences, 369(1651), 20130298.
  • Kılıç, F. ve Dövencioğlu, D. N. (2023) Dokunsal Algıda Yukarıdan Aşağı Etkilerden Belleğin Rolü. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 26(51), 44-56.
  • Köhler, W. (1929). Gestalt psychology. New York: Liveright.
  • Lupyan, G. (2015). Cognitive penetrability of perception in the age of prediction: Predictive systems are penetrable systems. Review of philosophy and psychology, 6, 547-569
  • Lupyan, G., Rahman, R. A., Boroditsky, L., & Clark, A. (2020). Effects of language on visual perception. Trends in cognitive sciences, 24(11), 930-944
  • Maurer, D., Pathman, T., & Mondloch, C. J. (2006). The shape of boubas: Sound–shape correspondences in toddlers and adults. Developmental science, 9(3), 316-322.
  • Newen, A., & Vetter, P. (2017). Why cognitive penetration of our perceptual experience is still the most plausible account. Consciousness and cognition, 47, 26-37
  • Olkkonen M, Hansen T, Gegenfurtner K R. Color appearance of familiar objects: effects of object shape, texture, and illumination changes. Journal of Vision. 2008;8:1–16. doi: 10.1167/8.5.13.
  • Omuralieva, A. (2020). Türkiye Türkçesinde Ses Yansımalı Fiillerin Yapısı. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 141-155.
  • Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957). The measurement of meaning (No. 47). University of Illinois press.
  • Ozturk, O., Krehm, M., & Vouloumanos, A. (2013). Sound symbolism in infancy: Evidence for sound–shape cross-modal correspondences in 4-month-olds. Journal of experimental child psychology, 114(2), 173-186.
  • Ramachandran, V. S., & Hubbard, E. M. (2001). Synaesthesia—A window into perception, thought and language. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 8, 3–34.
  • Sakamoto, M., & Watanabe, J. (2016). Cross-modal associations between sounds and drink tastes/textures: a study with spontaneous production of sound-symbolic words. Chemical Senses, 41(3), 197-203.
  • Sakamoto, M., & Watanabe, J. (2017). Exploring tactile perceptual dimensions using materials associated with sensory vocabulary. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 569
  • Sakamoto, M., & Watanabe, J. (2018). Bouba/Kiki in Touch: Associations Between Tactile Perceptual Qualities and Japanese Phonemes. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 295.
  • Sapir, E. (1929). A study in phonetic symbolism. Journal of experimental psychology, 12(3), 225-239.
  • Sekuler, R., Sekuler, A. B., & Lau, R. (1997). Sound alters visual motion perception. Nature, 385(6614), 308-308.
  • Spence, C. (2011). Crossmodal correspondences: A tutorial review. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73, 971-995.
  • Turan, D. (2021). ÇOCUK YAZINI ÇEVİrisinde SES YANSIMALARI. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 61(2), 1222-1245.
  • Watanabe, J., Hayakawa, T., Matsui, S., Kano, A., Shimizu, Y., & Sakamoto, M. (2012). Visualization of Tactile Material Relationships Using Sound Symbolic Words. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 7283, 175–180.
  • Witzel, C., Valkova, H., Hansen, T., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2011). Object knowledge modulates colour appearance. i-Perception, 2(1), 13–49.
  • Wong, L. S., Kwon, J., Zheng, Z., Styles, S. J., Sakamoto, M., & Kitada, R. (2022). Japanese Sound-Symbolic Words for Representing the Hardness of an Object Are Judged Similarly by Japanese and English Speakers. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 830306
  • Yaran Ögel, İ. Y., & BAYRAKTAROĞLU, G. (2020). Sound Symbolism in Marketing: An Integrative Review of Marketing Studies into Sound Symbolism. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (26), 1-18.
  • Yıldız, G. ve Dövencioğlu, D. N. (2023) Keşifsel El Hareketlerinin Türkçe Adlandırılmasında Dokunsal Malzeme Algısının Rolü. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(2).
  • Yoshida, M. (1968). Dimensions of tactual impressions (1). Japanese Psychological Research, 10(3), 123-137.
  • Winter, B. & Perlman, M., (2021) “Size sound symbolism in the English lexicon”, Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 6(1): 79. doi: https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1646
  • Zeimbekis, J. (2013). Color and cognitive penetrability. Philosophical Studies, 165, 167-175.
  • Zülfikar, H. (1995). Türkçede ses yansımalı kelimeler: inceleme-sözlük. (No Title).
  • Zülfikar, H. (2007). Dünden Bugüne Türkçe. Türk Dili, 668, 349-350.

An Examination of Sound Symbolism and Object Perception

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 899 - 906, 18.10.2023

Öz

Sound symbolism is concerned with the non-arbitrary relationship between the sound properties of words and their meanings. Object perception literature provides numerous evidence for the systematic relationship between sound frequency and perceived shapes. People often associate higher-frequency sounds with angular shapes and lower-frequency sounds with rounded shapes, known as the Bouba/Kiki effect. In parallel, it has also been found that the /i/ sound is generally associated with small objects, and /a/ sound is associated with large objects. Therefore, there is also evidence for sound symbolism in size perception. A subgroup of sound-symbolic words are onomatopoeic words, words that imitate the sound of the materials they describe. In Japanese, these words are linked to the perception of surface material qualities, as well as other sensory experiences. Similar to Japanese, Turkish is rich in sound-symbolic words that are frequently used in daily speech (e.g., şap şap, tıkır tıkır). In this article, the first focus will be on the Buba/Kiki effect, where I will give examples of sound-shape associations across languages and cultures. Later, the sound-size relationship will be discussed. Finally, literature on Japanese onomatopoeic words related to surface material qualities will be presented to demonstrate that sound symbolism is not only related to the shape or size of objects but also to their materials. The article will end by touching on the limited examples in the Turkish language.

Proje Numarası

TÜBİTAK 1001 122K914

Kaynakça

  • Akteker, O. (2022). Doğal konuşucunun ses sembolizmine dair sezgisel bilgileri üzerine bir araştırma. Çukurova Üniversitesi Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 1007-1035.
  • Akyıldız Ay, D. (2017) Ses Sembolizmi ve Ses-Anlam Uyumunun Farklı Bir Sınıflandırma Denemesi. Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dergisi, Cilt: 57, Sayı: 57, s. 17-27.
  • Blasi, D. E., Wichmann, S., Hammarström, H., Stadler, P. F., & Christiansen, M. H. (2016). Sound–meaning association biases evidenced across thousands of languages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(39), 10818-10823.
  • Bremner, A. J., Caparos, S., Davidoff, J., de Fockert, J., Linnell, K. J., & Spence, C. (2013). “Bouba” and “Kiki” in Namibia? A remote culture make similar shape–sound matches, but different shape–taste matches to Westerners. Cognition, 126(2), 165-172.
  • Brogaard, B., & Gatzia, D. E. (2017). Is color experience cognitively penetrable?. Topics in Cognitive Science, 9(1), 193-214.
  • Cavdan, M. ve Dövencioğlu, D. N. (2023) Dokunsal Yumuşaklık Algısına İlişkin Bir İnceleme. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(2).
  • Ćwiek, A., Fuchs, S., Draxler, C., Asu, E. L., Dediu, D., Hiovain, K., ... & Winter, B. (2022). The Bouba/Kiki effect is robust across cultures and writing systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 377(1841), 20200390.
  • Dövencioǧlu, D. N., Üstün, F. S., Doerschner, K., & Drewing, K. (2022). Hand explorations are determined by the characteristics of the perceptual space of real-world materials from silk to sand. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 14785.
  • Erben Johansson, N., Anikin, A., Carling, G. & Holmer, A. (2020). The typology of sound symbolism: Defining macro-concepts via their semantic and phonetic features. Linguistic Typology, 24(2), 253-310. https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2020-2034
  • Firestone, C., & Scholl, B. J. (2016). Cognition does not affect perception: Evaluating the evidence for “top-down” effects. Behavioral and brain sciences, 39, e229.
  • Fort, M., Martin, A., & Peperkamp, S. (2015). Consonants are more important than vowels in the Bouba-Kiki effect. Language and Speech, 58(2), 247-266.
  • Fryer, L., Freeman, J., & Pring, L. (2014). Touching words is not enough: How visual experience influences haptic–auditory associations in the “Bouba–Kiki” effect. Cognition, 132(2), 164-173
  • Hansen T, Olkkonen M, Walter S, Gegenfurtner K R. (2006) Memory modulates color appearance. Nature Neuroscience.9:1367–1368. doi: 10.1038/nn1794.
  • Hung, S. M., Styles, S. J., & Hsieh, P. J. (2017). Can a word sound like a shape before you have seen it? Sound-shape mapping prior to conscious awareness. Psychological Science, 28(3), 263-275.
  • Imai, M., & Kita, S. (2014). The sound symbolism bootstrapping hypothesis for language acquisition and language evolution. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological sciences, 369(1651), 20130298.
  • Kılıç, F. ve Dövencioğlu, D. N. (2023) Dokunsal Algıda Yukarıdan Aşağı Etkilerden Belleğin Rolü. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 26(51), 44-56.
  • Köhler, W. (1929). Gestalt psychology. New York: Liveright.
  • Lupyan, G. (2015). Cognitive penetrability of perception in the age of prediction: Predictive systems are penetrable systems. Review of philosophy and psychology, 6, 547-569
  • Lupyan, G., Rahman, R. A., Boroditsky, L., & Clark, A. (2020). Effects of language on visual perception. Trends in cognitive sciences, 24(11), 930-944
  • Maurer, D., Pathman, T., & Mondloch, C. J. (2006). The shape of boubas: Sound–shape correspondences in toddlers and adults. Developmental science, 9(3), 316-322.
  • Newen, A., & Vetter, P. (2017). Why cognitive penetration of our perceptual experience is still the most plausible account. Consciousness and cognition, 47, 26-37
  • Olkkonen M, Hansen T, Gegenfurtner K R. Color appearance of familiar objects: effects of object shape, texture, and illumination changes. Journal of Vision. 2008;8:1–16. doi: 10.1167/8.5.13.
  • Omuralieva, A. (2020). Türkiye Türkçesinde Ses Yansımalı Fiillerin Yapısı. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 141-155.
  • Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957). The measurement of meaning (No. 47). University of Illinois press.
  • Ozturk, O., Krehm, M., & Vouloumanos, A. (2013). Sound symbolism in infancy: Evidence for sound–shape cross-modal correspondences in 4-month-olds. Journal of experimental child psychology, 114(2), 173-186.
  • Ramachandran, V. S., & Hubbard, E. M. (2001). Synaesthesia—A window into perception, thought and language. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 8, 3–34.
  • Sakamoto, M., & Watanabe, J. (2016). Cross-modal associations between sounds and drink tastes/textures: a study with spontaneous production of sound-symbolic words. Chemical Senses, 41(3), 197-203.
  • Sakamoto, M., & Watanabe, J. (2017). Exploring tactile perceptual dimensions using materials associated with sensory vocabulary. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 569
  • Sakamoto, M., & Watanabe, J. (2018). Bouba/Kiki in Touch: Associations Between Tactile Perceptual Qualities and Japanese Phonemes. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 295.
  • Sapir, E. (1929). A study in phonetic symbolism. Journal of experimental psychology, 12(3), 225-239.
  • Sekuler, R., Sekuler, A. B., & Lau, R. (1997). Sound alters visual motion perception. Nature, 385(6614), 308-308.
  • Spence, C. (2011). Crossmodal correspondences: A tutorial review. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73, 971-995.
  • Turan, D. (2021). ÇOCUK YAZINI ÇEVİrisinde SES YANSIMALARI. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 61(2), 1222-1245.
  • Watanabe, J., Hayakawa, T., Matsui, S., Kano, A., Shimizu, Y., & Sakamoto, M. (2012). Visualization of Tactile Material Relationships Using Sound Symbolic Words. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 7283, 175–180.
  • Witzel, C., Valkova, H., Hansen, T., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2011). Object knowledge modulates colour appearance. i-Perception, 2(1), 13–49.
  • Wong, L. S., Kwon, J., Zheng, Z., Styles, S. J., Sakamoto, M., & Kitada, R. (2022). Japanese Sound-Symbolic Words for Representing the Hardness of an Object Are Judged Similarly by Japanese and English Speakers. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 830306
  • Yaran Ögel, İ. Y., & BAYRAKTAROĞLU, G. (2020). Sound Symbolism in Marketing: An Integrative Review of Marketing Studies into Sound Symbolism. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (26), 1-18.
  • Yıldız, G. ve Dövencioğlu, D. N. (2023) Keşifsel El Hareketlerinin Türkçe Adlandırılmasında Dokunsal Malzeme Algısının Rolü. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(2).
  • Yoshida, M. (1968). Dimensions of tactual impressions (1). Japanese Psychological Research, 10(3), 123-137.
  • Winter, B. & Perlman, M., (2021) “Size sound symbolism in the English lexicon”, Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 6(1): 79. doi: https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1646
  • Zeimbekis, J. (2013). Color and cognitive penetrability. Philosophical Studies, 165, 167-175.
  • Zülfikar, H. (1995). Türkçede ses yansımalı kelimeler: inceleme-sözlük. (No Title).
  • Zülfikar, H. (2007). Dünden Bugüne Türkçe. Türk Dili, 668, 349-350.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Dil Çalışmaları (Diğer), Bilişsel Gelişim
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Dicle Dövencioğlu 0000-0003-4981-4462

Proje Numarası TÜBİTAK 1001 122K914
Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Dövencioğlu, D. (2023). SES SEMBOLİZMİ VE NESNE ALGISI İLİŞKİSİNE DAİR BİR İNCELEME. Avrasya Sosyal Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(4), 899-906.