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İnsansız Gemilerin Güncel Statüleri

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 23, 341 - 358, 30.04.2021

Firat Bolat Özgün Koşaner

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.870875
Cited By: 1

Öz

Tarihsel açıdan bakıldığında belki de ilk geliştirilen insansız araçlar olan insansız deniz araçlarının sivil alanda kullanımı büyük oranda bilimsel araştırmalar için kullanılan araçlarla sınırlı kalmış, ticari alanda kullanımları ise yeni yeni başlamıştır. Dolayısıyla bu araçların statüsü, insansız hava araçlarında ve insansız kara araçlarında olduğundan daha yeni bir konudur. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmanın amacı insansız deniz araçlarının, özellikle de insansız gemilerin nasıl sınıflandırıldığına ve bunların tarihsel gelişimine değinmek, bu araçların otonomi düzeylerini belirleyen ölçekleri derlemek ve söz konusu araçların uluslararası sözleşme, kod, karar, sirküler ve rehberler ve ulusal mevzuatlar bağlamında nasıl ele alınabileceğini inceleyen çalışmaların bulgularını sunmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnsansız Deniz Aracı İnsansız Gemi Gemi Tanımı BMDHS

Kaynakça

  • Allen, C. H. (2012). The Seabots are Coming Here: Should they be Treated as ‘Vessels’? Journal of Navigation, 65, 749-752. doi:10.1017/S0373463312000197
  • Allen, C. H. (2018). Determining the Legal Status of Unmanned Maritime Vehicles: Formalism vs Functionalism. SSRN Electronic Journal, 49(4).
  • Appian. (1899). The Foreign Wars. (H. White, Haz.) New York: The MacMillan Company.
  • Arrian. (1893). Arrian's Anabasis of Alexander; and, Indica. (E. J. Chinnock,, Çev.) London: G. Bell & Sons.
  • Batı, S., Oğul, H. A., Karaçizmeli, C., & Tükel, D. (2013). Human-Computer Interface for Doğuş Unmanned Sea Vehicle. Robotic Sailing 2012: Proceedings of the 5th International Robotic Sailing Conference (s. 61-71). Berlin: Springer.
  • Benjamin, M. R., & Curcio, J. A. (2004). COLREGS-based navigation of autonomous marine vehicles. 2004 IEEE/OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37578) (s. 32-39). Sebasco: IEEE. doi:10.1109/AUV.2004.1431190
  • Benjamin, M. R., Curcio, J. A., Leonard, J. J., & Newman, P. M. (2006). Navigation of unmanned marine vehicles in accordance with the rules of the road. Proceedings 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (s. 3521-3587). Florida: IEEE. doi:10.1109/ROBOT.2006.1642249
  • Bertram, V. (t.y.). Unmanned Surface Vehicles – A Survey. (Erişim tarihi: 21 Aralık 2020, http://www.skibstekniskselskab.dk/public/dokumenter/Skibsteknisk/Download%20materiale/2008/10%20marts%200)
  • Breivik, M. (2010, Haziran). Topics in Guided Motion Control of Marine Vehicles. Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
  • Caccia, M. (2006). Autonomous Surface Craft: prototypes and basic research issues. 14th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation, (s. 1-6). Ancona. Technology University. (2020, Nisan 12). Are Robots Taking Our Jobs? Our Future with Unmanned Systems. Capitol Technology University. (Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2020, https://www.captechu.edu/blog/are-robots-taking-our-jobs-our-future-unmanned-systems)
  • Carey, L. (2017). All Hands off Deck? The Legal Barriers to Autonomous Ships. NUS Centre for Maritime Law Working Paper, ss. 1-31. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3025882
  • Casey, B. (2019). Robot Ipsa Loquitur. Georgetown Law Journal.
  • Chircop, A. (2017). Testing International Regimes: The Advent of Automated Commercial Vessels. A. Arnauld, K. Decken, & N. Matz-Lück içinde, German Yearbook of International Law (Cilt 60, s. 109-142). Berlin, Duncker & Humbold.
  • CMI. (2018). CMI Position Paper On Unmanned Ships. Anvers: Comité Maritime International.
  • Coggeshall, J. L. (1997). The Fireship and Its role in the Royal Navy. Texas: Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi.
  • Corfield, S. J., & Young, M. J. (2006). Unmanned surface vehicles - game changing technology for naval operations. G. N. Roberts, & R. Sutton içinde, Advances in Unmanned Marine Vehicles (s. 311-328). London: The Institution of Engineering and Technology.
  • Coşkun, İ., Egemen, Ü. G., & Bolat, F. (2019). İnsansız Gemilerin Mevzuat Açısından İncelenmesi. 3rd Global Conference on Innovation in Marine Technology and Future of Maritime Transportation (s. 396-405). İzmir: UCTEA.
  • Curcio, J., Leonard, J., & Patrikalakis, A. (2005). SCOUT - a low cost autonomous surface platform for research in cooperative autonomy. Proceedings of OCEANS 2005 MTS/IEEE, (s. 725-729). Washington, DC.
  • Danish Maritime Authority. (2017). Analysis of Regulatory Barriers to the Use of Autonomous Ships Final Report. Kopenhag: Danish Maritime Authority.
  • Davis, J. L. (2011). The (Common) Law of Man Over (Civilian) Vehicles Unmanned. Journal of Law, Information and Science, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 1-15.
  • Deketelaere, P. (2017). The Legal Challenges of Unmanned Vessels. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Belçika: Gent Üniversitesi, Deniz Bilimleri Yüksek Lisans Programı.
  • Doğan, K. (2019). İnsansız Suüstü Araçlarının Tarihsel Gelişimi. Mavi Vatan, 1, 42-45.
  • EASA. (2020). Easy Access Rules for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (Regulations (EU) 2019/947 and (EU) 2019/945).
  • Eisenberg, K. C. (2005). Development and Evaluation of USSV Recovery Mechanism. ASNE Launch and Recovery Conference.
  • etymonline. (2020). Etymonline.com – çevrimiçi etimoloji sözlüğü. “robot”. (Erişim tarihi: 15 Ocak 2021, https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=robot)
  • Everett, H. R. (2015). Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II. Boston: MIT Press.
  • Ferreira, F., Alves, J., Bertolini, A., & Bargelli, E. (2018). Liablilty Issues of Unmanned Surface Vehicles. OCEANS 2018 MTS/IEEE (s. 1-6). Charleston: IEEE.
  • Gage, D. W. (1995). UGV History 101: A Brief History of Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) Development Efforts. Unmanned System Magazine, 13(3), 1-10.
  • Gogarty, B., & Hagger, M. (2008). The Laws of Man over Vehicles Unmanned: The Legal Response to Robotic Revolution on Sea, Land and Air. Journal of Law, Information and Science, 73-145.
  • Gogarty, B., & Robinson, I. (2011/2012). Unmanned Vehicles: A (Rebooted) History, Background and Current State of the Art. Journal of Law, Information and Science, 21(2), 1-34.
  • Gonzalez, N. (2019). Legal challenges of liability in collisions arising from the development of autonomous and unmanned shipping- International and Norwegian perspective. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Oslo Üniversitesi.
  • Gray, E. (2004). Nineteenth Century Torpedoes and Their Inventors. Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
  • Grifford, D. G. (2018). Technological Triggers to Tort Revolutions: Steam Locomotives, Autonomous Vehicles, and Accident Compensation. Journal of Tort Law, 11(1), 71-143.
  • Hanna, K. L. (2014). Old Laws, New Tricks: Drunk Driving and Autonomous Vehicles. Jurimetrics, 55, 275-289.
  • Heo, J., Kim, J., & Kwon, Y. (2017). Analysis of Design Directions for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs). Journal of Computer and Communications, 5, 92-100.
  • Hoem, A. S., Fjortoft, K. E., & Rodseth, O. J. (2019). Addressing the Accidental Risks of Maritime Transportation: Could Autonomous Shipping Technology Improve the Statistics?. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 13(3), 487-494.
  • Hogg, T., & Ghosh, S. (2016). Autonomous merchant vessels: examination of factors that impact the effective implementation of unmanned ships. Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs, 8(3), 206-222.
  • Jha, A. R. (2016). Theory, design, and applications of unmanned aerial vehicles. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press / Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Jokioinen, E. (2016). Remote and autonomous ships ‐ the next steps. Whitepaper. (Erişim tarihi: 8 Ocak 2021, http://www.rolls-royce. com/~/media/Files/R/Rolls-Royce/documents/customers/marine/ship-intel/aawa-whitepaper-210616.pdf)
  • Katsivela, M. (2018). The Effect of Unmanned Vessels on Canadian Law: Some Basic. Maritime Safety and Security Law Journal, 4, 47-62.
  • Kelly, J. (2004). Gunpowder: alchemy, bombards, and pyrotechnics: the history of explosive that changed the world. New York: Basic Books.
  • Lee, S., Kwon, K., & Joh, J. (2004). A Fuzzy Logic for Autonomous Navigation of Marine Vehicles Satisfying COLREG Guidelines. International Journal of Control Automation and Systems (2), 171-181.
  • Levush, R. (2016). Regulation of Drones. The Law Library of Congress, Global Legal Research Center.
  • Lloyd's Register. (2016). ShipRight Procedure - Autonomous Ships. Lloyd's Register.
  • Luzuriaga, M., Heras, A., & Kunze, O. (2019). Hurting others vs. hurting myself, a dilemma for our autonomous vehicle. SSRN Electronic Journal, March.
  • Manley, J. E. (1997). Development of the autonomous surface craft "ACES". Oceans '97. MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings, (s. 827-832). Halifax.
  • Manley, J. E. (2008). Unmanned Surface Vehicles, 15 Years of Development. OCEANS 2008 (s. 1-4). Quebec: IEEE.
  • Marincic, A., & Budimir, D. (2008). Tesla's multi-frequency wireless radio controlled vessel. 2008 IEEE History of Telecommunications Conference, (s. 24-27). Paris.
  • McLaughlin, R. (2011). Unmanned Naval Vehicles at Sea: USVs, UUVs and the Adequacy of the Law. Journal Law, Information and Science, 21(2), 100-115.
  • Mobilicom. (2020, Nisan 27). Robotics/Unmanned Vehicles. Erişim: 02 Ocak 2021, https://www.mobilicom.com/roboticsunmanned-vehicles
  • MUNIN. (2020). Research in maritime autonomous systems project results and technology potentials. (Erişim tarihi: 05 Ocak 2021, http://www.unmanned-ship.org/munin/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/MUNIN-final-brochure.pdf)
  • Murphy, R. R., Tadokoro, S., & Kleiner, A. (2016). Disaster robotics. B. Sciliano, & O. Khatib (haz.), Springer Handbook of Robotics içinde (s. 137-162). Cham: Springer.
  • National Research Council. (2005). Autonomous Vehicles in Support of Naval Operations. Washington, DC.: The National Academies Press.
  • Parasuraman, R., Sheridan, T. B., & Wickens, C. D. (2000). A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans, 30(3), 286-297.
  • Petrig, A. (2020). The Commission of Maritime Crimes with Unmanned Systems: An Interpretive Challenge for UNCLOS. M. D. Evans, & G. Sofia (haz.), Maritime Security and the Law of the Sea: Help or Hindrance? içinde (s. 104-130). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Pritchett, P. W. (2015). Ghost Ships: Why the Law Should Embrace Unmanned Vessel Technology. Tulane Martime Law Journal, 40(1), 197-225.
  • Rapp, G. C. (2012). Unmanned Aerial Exposure: Civil Liability Concerns Arising from Domestic Law Enforcement Employment of Unmanned Aerial Systems. North Dakota Law Review, 85, 623-648.
  • Ringbom, H. (2019). Regulating Autonomous Ships—Concepts, Challenges and Precedents. Ocean Development & International Law. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00908320.2019.1582593
  • Roberts, G. N., & Sutton, R. (2008). Editorial: navigation, guidance and control of unmanned marine vehicles. G. N. Roberts, & R. Sutton (haz.), Advances In Unmanned Marine Vehicles içinde (s. 1-12). London: IET.
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Current Status of Unmanned Vessels

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 23, 341 - 358, 30.04.2021

Firat Bolat Özgün Koşaner

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.870875
Cited By: 1

Öz

Civilian use of unmanned marine vehicles, probably the first vehicles to be developed historically, had been limited to scientific research, and their commercial use has recently started. Therefore, the statuses of these vehicles are a novel subject, considering the statuses of unmanned aerial and land vehicles. In this context, this study aims at presenting how unmanned marine vehicles are classified and how they have developed through history, with particular emphasis on unmanned vessels; gathering the scales determining the autonomy levels of these vehicles and presenting the findings of studies investigating how these vehicles are considered regarding international conventions, codes, resolutions, circulars and guidelines and national legislations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Unmanned Marine Vehicle Unmanned Vessel Vessel Definition UNCLOS

Kaynakça

  • Allen, C. H. (2012). The Seabots are Coming Here: Should they be Treated as ‘Vessels’? Journal of Navigation, 65, 749-752. doi:10.1017/S0373463312000197
  • Allen, C. H. (2018). Determining the Legal Status of Unmanned Maritime Vehicles: Formalism vs Functionalism. SSRN Electronic Journal, 49(4).
  • Appian. (1899). The Foreign Wars. (H. White, Haz.) New York: The MacMillan Company.
  • Arrian. (1893). Arrian's Anabasis of Alexander; and, Indica. (E. J. Chinnock,, Çev.) London: G. Bell & Sons.
  • Batı, S., Oğul, H. A., Karaçizmeli, C., & Tükel, D. (2013). Human-Computer Interface for Doğuş Unmanned Sea Vehicle. Robotic Sailing 2012: Proceedings of the 5th International Robotic Sailing Conference (s. 61-71). Berlin: Springer.
  • Benjamin, M. R., & Curcio, J. A. (2004). COLREGS-based navigation of autonomous marine vehicles. 2004 IEEE/OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37578) (s. 32-39). Sebasco: IEEE. doi:10.1109/AUV.2004.1431190
  • Benjamin, M. R., Curcio, J. A., Leonard, J. J., & Newman, P. M. (2006). Navigation of unmanned marine vehicles in accordance with the rules of the road. Proceedings 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (s. 3521-3587). Florida: IEEE. doi:10.1109/ROBOT.2006.1642249
  • Bertram, V. (t.y.). Unmanned Surface Vehicles – A Survey. (Erişim tarihi: 21 Aralık 2020, http://www.skibstekniskselskab.dk/public/dokumenter/Skibsteknisk/Download%20materiale/2008/10%20marts%200)
  • Breivik, M. (2010, Haziran). Topics in Guided Motion Control of Marine Vehicles. Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
  • Caccia, M. (2006). Autonomous Surface Craft: prototypes and basic research issues. 14th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation, (s. 1-6). Ancona. Technology University. (2020, Nisan 12). Are Robots Taking Our Jobs? Our Future with Unmanned Systems. Capitol Technology University. (Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2020, https://www.captechu.edu/blog/are-robots-taking-our-jobs-our-future-unmanned-systems)
  • Carey, L. (2017). All Hands off Deck? The Legal Barriers to Autonomous Ships. NUS Centre for Maritime Law Working Paper, ss. 1-31. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3025882
  • Casey, B. (2019). Robot Ipsa Loquitur. Georgetown Law Journal.
  • Chircop, A. (2017). Testing International Regimes: The Advent of Automated Commercial Vessels. A. Arnauld, K. Decken, & N. Matz-Lück içinde, German Yearbook of International Law (Cilt 60, s. 109-142). Berlin, Duncker & Humbold.
  • CMI. (2018). CMI Position Paper On Unmanned Ships. Anvers: Comité Maritime International.
  • Coggeshall, J. L. (1997). The Fireship and Its role in the Royal Navy. Texas: Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi.
  • Corfield, S. J., & Young, M. J. (2006). Unmanned surface vehicles - game changing technology for naval operations. G. N. Roberts, & R. Sutton içinde, Advances in Unmanned Marine Vehicles (s. 311-328). London: The Institution of Engineering and Technology.
  • Coşkun, İ., Egemen, Ü. G., & Bolat, F. (2019). İnsansız Gemilerin Mevzuat Açısından İncelenmesi. 3rd Global Conference on Innovation in Marine Technology and Future of Maritime Transportation (s. 396-405). İzmir: UCTEA.
  • Curcio, J., Leonard, J., & Patrikalakis, A. (2005). SCOUT - a low cost autonomous surface platform for research in cooperative autonomy. Proceedings of OCEANS 2005 MTS/IEEE, (s. 725-729). Washington, DC.
  • Danish Maritime Authority. (2017). Analysis of Regulatory Barriers to the Use of Autonomous Ships Final Report. Kopenhag: Danish Maritime Authority.
  • Davis, J. L. (2011). The (Common) Law of Man Over (Civilian) Vehicles Unmanned. Journal of Law, Information and Science, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 1-15.
  • Deketelaere, P. (2017). The Legal Challenges of Unmanned Vessels. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Belçika: Gent Üniversitesi, Deniz Bilimleri Yüksek Lisans Programı.
  • Doğan, K. (2019). İnsansız Suüstü Araçlarının Tarihsel Gelişimi. Mavi Vatan, 1, 42-45.
  • EASA. (2020). Easy Access Rules for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (Regulations (EU) 2019/947 and (EU) 2019/945).
  • Eisenberg, K. C. (2005). Development and Evaluation of USSV Recovery Mechanism. ASNE Launch and Recovery Conference.
  • etymonline. (2020). Etymonline.com – çevrimiçi etimoloji sözlüğü. “robot”. (Erişim tarihi: 15 Ocak 2021, https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=robot)
  • Everett, H. R. (2015). Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II. Boston: MIT Press.
  • Ferreira, F., Alves, J., Bertolini, A., & Bargelli, E. (2018). Liablilty Issues of Unmanned Surface Vehicles. OCEANS 2018 MTS/IEEE (s. 1-6). Charleston: IEEE.
  • Gage, D. W. (1995). UGV History 101: A Brief History of Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) Development Efforts. Unmanned System Magazine, 13(3), 1-10.
  • Gogarty, B., & Hagger, M. (2008). The Laws of Man over Vehicles Unmanned: The Legal Response to Robotic Revolution on Sea, Land and Air. Journal of Law, Information and Science, 73-145.
  • Gogarty, B., & Robinson, I. (2011/2012). Unmanned Vehicles: A (Rebooted) History, Background and Current State of the Art. Journal of Law, Information and Science, 21(2), 1-34.
  • Gonzalez, N. (2019). Legal challenges of liability in collisions arising from the development of autonomous and unmanned shipping- International and Norwegian perspective. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Oslo Üniversitesi.
  • Gray, E. (2004). Nineteenth Century Torpedoes and Their Inventors. Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
  • Grifford, D. G. (2018). Technological Triggers to Tort Revolutions: Steam Locomotives, Autonomous Vehicles, and Accident Compensation. Journal of Tort Law, 11(1), 71-143.
  • Hanna, K. L. (2014). Old Laws, New Tricks: Drunk Driving and Autonomous Vehicles. Jurimetrics, 55, 275-289.
  • Heo, J., Kim, J., & Kwon, Y. (2017). Analysis of Design Directions for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs). Journal of Computer and Communications, 5, 92-100.
  • Hoem, A. S., Fjortoft, K. E., & Rodseth, O. J. (2019). Addressing the Accidental Risks of Maritime Transportation: Could Autonomous Shipping Technology Improve the Statistics?. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 13(3), 487-494.
  • Hogg, T., & Ghosh, S. (2016). Autonomous merchant vessels: examination of factors that impact the effective implementation of unmanned ships. Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs, 8(3), 206-222.
  • Jha, A. R. (2016). Theory, design, and applications of unmanned aerial vehicles. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press / Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Jokioinen, E. (2016). Remote and autonomous ships ‐ the next steps. Whitepaper. (Erişim tarihi: 8 Ocak 2021, http://www.rolls-royce. com/~/media/Files/R/Rolls-Royce/documents/customers/marine/ship-intel/aawa-whitepaper-210616.pdf)
  • Katsivela, M. (2018). The Effect of Unmanned Vessels on Canadian Law: Some Basic. Maritime Safety and Security Law Journal, 4, 47-62.
  • Kelly, J. (2004). Gunpowder: alchemy, bombards, and pyrotechnics: the history of explosive that changed the world. New York: Basic Books.
  • Lee, S., Kwon, K., & Joh, J. (2004). A Fuzzy Logic for Autonomous Navigation of Marine Vehicles Satisfying COLREG Guidelines. International Journal of Control Automation and Systems (2), 171-181.
  • Levush, R. (2016). Regulation of Drones. The Law Library of Congress, Global Legal Research Center.
  • Lloyd's Register. (2016). ShipRight Procedure - Autonomous Ships. Lloyd's Register.
  • Luzuriaga, M., Heras, A., & Kunze, O. (2019). Hurting others vs. hurting myself, a dilemma for our autonomous vehicle. SSRN Electronic Journal, March.
  • Manley, J. E. (1997). Development of the autonomous surface craft "ACES". Oceans '97. MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings, (s. 827-832). Halifax.
  • Manley, J. E. (2008). Unmanned Surface Vehicles, 15 Years of Development. OCEANS 2008 (s. 1-4). Quebec: IEEE.
  • Marincic, A., & Budimir, D. (2008). Tesla's multi-frequency wireless radio controlled vessel. 2008 IEEE History of Telecommunications Conference, (s. 24-27). Paris.
  • McLaughlin, R. (2011). Unmanned Naval Vehicles at Sea: USVs, UUVs and the Adequacy of the Law. Journal Law, Information and Science, 21(2), 100-115.
  • Mobilicom. (2020, Nisan 27). Robotics/Unmanned Vehicles. Erişim: 02 Ocak 2021, https://www.mobilicom.com/roboticsunmanned-vehicles
  • MUNIN. (2020). Research in maritime autonomous systems project results and technology potentials. (Erişim tarihi: 05 Ocak 2021, http://www.unmanned-ship.org/munin/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/MUNIN-final-brochure.pdf)
  • Murphy, R. R., Tadokoro, S., & Kleiner, A. (2016). Disaster robotics. B. Sciliano, & O. Khatib (haz.), Springer Handbook of Robotics içinde (s. 137-162). Cham: Springer.
  • National Research Council. (2005). Autonomous Vehicles in Support of Naval Operations. Washington, DC.: The National Academies Press.
  • Parasuraman, R., Sheridan, T. B., & Wickens, C. D. (2000). A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans, 30(3), 286-297.
  • Petrig, A. (2020). The Commission of Maritime Crimes with Unmanned Systems: An Interpretive Challenge for UNCLOS. M. D. Evans, & G. Sofia (haz.), Maritime Security and the Law of the Sea: Help or Hindrance? içinde (s. 104-130). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Pritchett, P. W. (2015). Ghost Ships: Why the Law Should Embrace Unmanned Vessel Technology. Tulane Martime Law Journal, 40(1), 197-225.
  • Rapp, G. C. (2012). Unmanned Aerial Exposure: Civil Liability Concerns Arising from Domestic Law Enforcement Employment of Unmanned Aerial Systems. North Dakota Law Review, 85, 623-648.
  • Ringbom, H. (2019). Regulating Autonomous Ships—Concepts, Challenges and Precedents. Ocean Development & International Law. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00908320.2019.1582593
  • Roberts, G. N., & Sutton, R. (2008). Editorial: navigation, guidance and control of unmanned marine vehicles. G. N. Roberts, & R. Sutton (haz.), Advances In Unmanned Marine Vehicles içinde (s. 1-12). London: IET.
  • Rodriguez Delgado, J. P. (2018). The Legal Challenges of Unmanned Ships in the Private Maritime Law: What Laws Would You Change? M. Musi (haz.) Port, Maritime and Transport Law Between Legacies of the Past and Modernization (Cilt 5) içinde (ss. 493-523). Bologna: Bonomo.
  • Rodseth, O. J., & Nordahl, H. (2017). Definition of autonomy levels for merchant ships. Trondheim: Norwegian Forum for Autonomous Ships.
  • Rolls Royce. (2018, Aralık 3). Rolls-Royce and Finferries demonstrate world’s first Fully Autonomous Ferry. (Erişim tarihi: 12 Ocak 2021, https://www.rolls-royce.com/media/press-releases/2018/03-12-2018-rr-and-finferries-demonstrate-worlds-first-fully-autonomous-ferry.aspx)
  • Schiaretti, M., Chen, L., & Negenborn, R. R. (2017). Survey on Autonomous Surface Vessels: Part I - A New Detailed Definition of Autonomy Levels. Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Computational Logistics (ICCL 2017). (s. 219-233). Southampton: Springer.
  • Sehrawat, V. (2018). Liability Issue of Domestic Drones. Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal, 35(1), 110-134.
  • Si, K. (2019). China's first autonomous cargo ship makes maiden voyage. (Erişim tarihi: 18 Aralık 2020, https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/technology/chinas-first-autonomous-cargo-ship-makes-maiden-voyage)
  • Skredderberget, A. (2018). The first ever zero emission autonomous ship. (Erişim tarihi: 17 Aralık 2020, https://www.yara.com/knowledge-grows/game-changer-for-the-environment/)
  • Takemura, H. (2014). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Humanization from International Humanitarian Law. Wis. Int'l LJ(32), 521-546.
  • Tanakitkorn, K. (2019). A review of unmanned surface vehicle development. Maritime Technology and Research, 1(1), 2-8.
  • Termayne, M., & Clark, A. (2013). New Perspectives from The Sky: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Journalism. Digital Journalism, 2(2), 232-246.
  • Tranter, K. (2016). The challenges of autonomous. QUT Law Review, 16(2), 59-81.
  • U.S. Department of The Navy. (2004). The Navy Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) Master Plan. State Department of The Navy.
  • United States Joint Task Force One. (1946). Operation Crossroads, the official pictorial record. New york: W. H. Wise & Co.
  • Valavanis, K. P., & Vachtsevanos, G. J. (2015). Handbook of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Vallejo, D. (2015). Electric Currents: Programming Legal Status into Autonomous Unmanned Maritime Vehicles. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 47(1), 405-428.
  • van Hooydonk, E. (2014). The law of unmanned merhant shiping - an exploration. Journal of International Maritime Law (20), 403-423.
  • Var Türk, K. (2019). Deniz Haydutluğu ve Siber Güvenlik Bakımından Uluslararası Deniz Hukuku Çerçevesinde bir Değerlendirme: İnsansız Gemiler. DEHUKAMDER, 2(2), 495-517.
  • Yara. (2020). Yara Birkeland press kit. (Erişim tarihi: 11 Aralık 2020, https://www.yara.com/news-and-media/press-kits/yara-birkeland-press-kit/)
  • Yarkın, D. Ş., Baylan, S. B., & Yarkın, D. B. (t.y.). Yorum ve açıklamalarıyla denizde çatışmayı önleme tüzüğü.
  • Zhixiang, L., Youmin, Z., Xiang, Y., & Chi, Y. (2016). Unmanned surface vehicles: An overview of developments and challenges. Annual Reviews in Control, 41, 71-93.
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Firat Bolat 0000-0001-9807-7089

Özgün Koşaner 0000-0003-1609-3291

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 23

Kaynak Göster

APA Bolat, F., & Koşaner, Ö. (2021). İnsansız Gemilerin Güncel Statüleri. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(23), 341-358. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.870875

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