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The Relationship Between Dark Triad and Ostracism: The Mediating Role of Humility

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: Cumhuriyet'in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı, 51 - 62, 30.09.2023

Mehmet Kavaklı Şeyda Eruyar Gülten Ünal

https://doi.org/10.18795/gumusmaviatlas.1296355

Öz

Ostracism and social exclusion are the two close phenomena that describe being ignored by others without explicit declaration and being kept away from others with or without an explanation, respectively. It is possible that ostracism and social exclusion are the concepts related to personality. Connectedly, dark triad (narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) and humility may influence one’s perceived ostracism or perceived social exclusion. The aim of the current study is to examine the mediating role of humility in the relationship between dark triad traits and perceived ostracism and social exclusion. The sample consists of 329 university students. Data was gathered by using the Ostracism Experience Scale, the Humility Scale and the Short Dark Triad Scale. The results demonstrate that dark triad is positively related to perceived ostracism, and this relationship was fully mediated by humility. Similarly, dark triad traits were positively related to social exclusion and this association is fully mediated by humility, as well. Humility might be said to contribute as a mediator between the dark triad and perceived ostracism and social exclusion by mitigating the detrimental impact of these characteristics on ostracism. The negative consequences of the dark triad and ostracism could be reduced by encouraging humility. The results are discussed in the light of the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dark Triad Ostracism Social Exclusion Humility

Kaynakça

  • Ashton, M. C. & Lee, K. (2005). Honesty‐humility, the Big Five, and the five‐factor model. Journal of Personality, 73(5), 1321-1354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00351.x
  • Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Ciarocco, N. J. & Twenge, J. M. (2005). Social exclusion impairs self-regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(4), 589-604. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.589
  • Blinkhorn, V., Lyons, M., Collier, E. S. & Almond, L. (2021). The relationship between narcissism and acceptance of violence revealed through a game designed to induce social ostracism. The Journal of Social Psychology, 161(3), 261-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2020.1816884
  • Büyüksevindik, B. & Işık, Ş. (2019). Tevazu Ölçeği geliştirme çalışması. Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF), 39(3), 1453-1485.
  • Christie, R. & Geis, F. L. (2013). Studies in machiavellianism. Academic Press.
  • Davis, D. E., Hook, J. N., Worthington Jr, E. L., Van Tongeren, D. R., Gartner, A. L., Jennings, D. J. & Emmons, R. A. (2011). Relational humility: Conceptualizing and measuring humility as a personality judgment. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93(3), 225-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2011.558871
  • Davis, D. E., Worthington Jr, E. L. & Hook, J. N. (2010). Humility: Review of measurement strategies and conceptualization as personality judgment. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(4), 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439761003791672
  • DeWall, C. N., Deckman, T., Pond Jr, R. S. & Bonser, I. (2011). Belongingness as a core personality trait: How social exclusion influences social functioning and personality expression. Journal of Personality, 79(6), 1281-1314. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00695.x
  • Erkutlu, H. & Chafra, J. (2016). Impact of behavioral integrity on workplace ostracism: The moderating roles of narcissistic personality and psychological distance. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 8(2), 222-237. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-01-2015-0007
  • Fernández-del-Río, E., Ramos-Villagrasa, P. J. & Barrada, J. R. (2020). Bad guys perform better? The incremental predictive validity of the Dark Tetrad over Big Five and Honesty-Humility. Personality and Individual Differences, 154, 109700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109700
  • Gilman, R., Carter-Sowell, A., DeWall, C. N., Adams, R. E. & Carboni, I. (2013). Validation of the Ostracism Experience Scale for adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 25(2), 319-330. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030913
  • Gutz, L., Roepke, S. & Renneberg, B. (2016). Cognitive and affective processing of social exclusion in borderline personality disorder and social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 87, 70-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.020
  • Hare, R. D. (1985). Comparison of procedures for the assessment of psychopathy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.53.1.7
  • Heym, N., Firth, J., Kibowski, F., Sumich, A., Egan, V. & Bloxsom, C. A. (2019). Empathy at the heart of darkness: Empathy deficits that bind the dark triad and those that mediate indirect relational aggression. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10(95). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00095
  • Jakobwitz, S. & Egan, V. (2006). The dark triad and normal personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(2), 331-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.006
  • Jones, D. N. & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3) a brief measure of dark personality traits. Assessment, 21(1), 28-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191113514105
  • Kavaklı, M. (2018). Psikolojik dışlanma ve internet kullanma alışkanlıkları arasındaki ilişkide öz duyarlığın aracı rolü (The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between ostracism and internet usage habits) [Unpublished Master thesis, Ufuk University], YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Kavaklı, M. (2019). Psikolojik dışlanma ve sosyal dışlanma arasındaki farklılık: Benlik değeri, yalnızlık ve genel aidiyet duygusu üzerindeki etkileri (The difference between ostracism and social exclusion: The effects on self-esteem, loneliness, and general belongingness emotion). Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(20), 45-55.
  • Kavaklı, M. (2021). Which one is more detrimental for humankind? Ostracism or social exclusion? Their effects on depression, anxiety, stress. Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 10(1), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.5455/JCBPR.63389
  • Kowalski, C. M., Vernon, P. A. & Schermer, J. A. (2016). The general factor of personality: The relationship between the big one and the dark triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 256-260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.028
  • McDonald, M. M. & Donnellan, M. B. (2012). Is ostracism a strong situation? The influence of personality in reactions to rejection. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(5), 614-618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2012.05.008
  • Özsoy, E., Rauthmann, J. F., Jonason, P.K. & Ardıç, K. (2017). Reliability and validity of the Turkish versions of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD-T), Short Dark Triad (SD3-T), and Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS-T). Personality and Individual Differences, 117, 11-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.019
  • Paulhus, D. L. & Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
  • Perchtold-Stefan, C. M., Fink, A., Rominger, C. & Papousek, I. (2022). Social exclusion increases antisocial tendencies: Evidence from retaliatory ideation in a malevolent creativity task. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2021.2012633
  • Peters, A. S., Rowat, W. C. & Johnson, M. K. (2011). Associations between dispositional humility and social relationship quality. Psychology, 2(3), 155-161. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2011.23025
  • Porter, T., Elnakouri, A., Meyers, E. A., Shibayama, T., Jayawickreme, E. & Grossmann, I. (2022). Predictors and consequences of intellectual humility. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1(9), 524-536. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-022-00081-9
  • Raskin, R. N. & Hall, C. S. (1979). A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological Reports, 45(2), 590-590.
  • Reinhard, M. A., Dewald-Kaufmann, J., Wuestenberg, T., Musil, R., Barton, B. B., Jobst, A. & Padberg, F. (2020). The vicious circle of social exclusion and psychopathology: A systematic review of experimental ostracism research in psychiatric disorders. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 270(5), 521-532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-019-01074-1
  • Ross, L. T. & Wright, J. C. (2021). Humility, personality, and psychological functioning. Psychological Reports, 00332941211062819. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941211062819
  • Rudert, S. C., Janke, S. & Greifeneder, R. (2020). The experience of ostracism over the adult life span. Developmental Psychology, 56(10), 1999. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001096
  • Sertelin-Mercan, Ç. (2016). Ostracism Experience Scale for Adolescents: Turkish validity and reliability. Hasan Ali Yücel Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2), 175-186.
  • Staebler, K., Renneberg, B., Stopsack, M., Fiedler, P., Weiler, M. & Roepke, S. (2011). Facial emotional expression in reaction to social exclusion in borderline personality disorder. Psychological Medicine, 41(9), 1929-1938. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711000080
  • Van Tongeren, D. R., Ng, V., Hickman, L. & Tay, L. (2022). Behavioral measures of humility: Part 1. Theoretical and methodological review. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2022.2109202 Williams, K. D. (2007). Ostracism: The kiss of social death. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1(1), 236-247.
  • Wirth, J. H., Lynam, D. R. & Williams, K. D. (2010). When social pain is not automatic: Personality disorder traits buffer ostracism’s immediate negative impact. Journal of Research in Personality, 44(3), 397-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2010.03.001
  • Xu, E. & Huang, X. (2012). The relationship between narcissism and ostracism: Expertise status and team goal interdependence. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2012, No. 1, p. 12985). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.
  • Yaakobi, E. (2022). Personality as a moderator of immediate and delayed ostracism distress. British Journal of Social Psychology, 61(4), 1454-1477. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12484

Psikolojik Dışlanma ve Karanlık Üçlü Arasındaki İlişki: Tevazunun Aracı Rolü

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: Cumhuriyet'in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı, 51 - 62, 30.09.2023

Mehmet Kavaklı Şeyda Eruyar Gülten Ünal

https://doi.org/10.18795/gumusmaviatlas.1296355

Öz

Psikolojik dışlanma ve sosyal dışlanma diğerleri tarafından herhangi bir geri bildirim verilmeden ve açıklama yapılmadan kişinin dışlanması ve görmezden gelinmesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Algılanan psikolojik dışlanma ve algılanan sosyal dışlanmanın kişilik ile ilişkili değişkenler olması muhtemeldir. Karanlık üçlü (narsisizm, psikopati, Makyavelizm) kişilik özellikleri ve tevazu da, bireylerin algılanan psikolojik dışlanma veya algılanan sosyal dışlanma düzeylerini etkileyebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da karanlık üçlü kişilik özellikleri ile algılanan psikolojik dışlanma ve algılanan sosyal dışlanma arasındaki ilişkilerde tevazunun aracı rolünün incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini üniversite eğitimi almakta olan 329 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında veriler Psikolojik Dışlanma Deneyimi Ölçeği, Tevazu Ölçeği ve Kısa Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular karanlık üçlü kişilik özellikleri ile algılanan psikolojik dışlanmanın pozitif yönlü ilişkili olduğunu ve söz konusu ilişkide tevazunun tam aracı rolünün olduğunu göstermiştir. Benzer şekilde karanlık üçlü kişilik özellikleri algılanan sosyal dışlanma ile de pozitif yönlü ilişkili bulunmuştur ve bu ilişkide de tevazunun tam aracı rolünün olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tevazu, karanlık üçlü kişilik özelliklerinin dışlanma üzerindeki zararlı etkisini hafifleterek, karanlık üçlü ile algılanan psikolojik dışlanma ve sosyal dışlanma arasında bir aracı değişken olarak katkı sağladığı söylenebilir. Tevazu teşvik edilerek ya da desteklenerek karanlık üçlünün ve dışlanmanın olumsuz sonuçları azaltılabilir. Ulaşılan sonuçlar literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karanlık Üçlü Psikolojik Dışlanma Sosyal Dışlanma Tevazu

Kaynakça

  • Ashton, M. C. & Lee, K. (2005). Honesty‐humility, the Big Five, and the five‐factor model. Journal of Personality, 73(5), 1321-1354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00351.x
  • Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Ciarocco, N. J. & Twenge, J. M. (2005). Social exclusion impairs self-regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(4), 589-604. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.589
  • Blinkhorn, V., Lyons, M., Collier, E. S. & Almond, L. (2021). The relationship between narcissism and acceptance of violence revealed through a game designed to induce social ostracism. The Journal of Social Psychology, 161(3), 261-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2020.1816884
  • Büyüksevindik, B. & Işık, Ş. (2019). Tevazu Ölçeği geliştirme çalışması. Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF), 39(3), 1453-1485.
  • Christie, R. & Geis, F. L. (2013). Studies in machiavellianism. Academic Press.
  • Davis, D. E., Hook, J. N., Worthington Jr, E. L., Van Tongeren, D. R., Gartner, A. L., Jennings, D. J. & Emmons, R. A. (2011). Relational humility: Conceptualizing and measuring humility as a personality judgment. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93(3), 225-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2011.558871
  • Davis, D. E., Worthington Jr, E. L. & Hook, J. N. (2010). Humility: Review of measurement strategies and conceptualization as personality judgment. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(4), 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439761003791672
  • DeWall, C. N., Deckman, T., Pond Jr, R. S. & Bonser, I. (2011). Belongingness as a core personality trait: How social exclusion influences social functioning and personality expression. Journal of Personality, 79(6), 1281-1314. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00695.x
  • Erkutlu, H. & Chafra, J. (2016). Impact of behavioral integrity on workplace ostracism: The moderating roles of narcissistic personality and psychological distance. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 8(2), 222-237. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-01-2015-0007
  • Fernández-del-Río, E., Ramos-Villagrasa, P. J. & Barrada, J. R. (2020). Bad guys perform better? The incremental predictive validity of the Dark Tetrad over Big Five and Honesty-Humility. Personality and Individual Differences, 154, 109700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109700
  • Gilman, R., Carter-Sowell, A., DeWall, C. N., Adams, R. E. & Carboni, I. (2013). Validation of the Ostracism Experience Scale for adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 25(2), 319-330. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030913
  • Gutz, L., Roepke, S. & Renneberg, B. (2016). Cognitive and affective processing of social exclusion in borderline personality disorder and social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 87, 70-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.020
  • Hare, R. D. (1985). Comparison of procedures for the assessment of psychopathy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.53.1.7
  • Heym, N., Firth, J., Kibowski, F., Sumich, A., Egan, V. & Bloxsom, C. A. (2019). Empathy at the heart of darkness: Empathy deficits that bind the dark triad and those that mediate indirect relational aggression. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10(95). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00095
  • Jakobwitz, S. & Egan, V. (2006). The dark triad and normal personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(2), 331-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.006
  • Jones, D. N. & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3) a brief measure of dark personality traits. Assessment, 21(1), 28-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191113514105
  • Kavaklı, M. (2018). Psikolojik dışlanma ve internet kullanma alışkanlıkları arasındaki ilişkide öz duyarlığın aracı rolü (The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between ostracism and internet usage habits) [Unpublished Master thesis, Ufuk University], YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Kavaklı, M. (2019). Psikolojik dışlanma ve sosyal dışlanma arasındaki farklılık: Benlik değeri, yalnızlık ve genel aidiyet duygusu üzerindeki etkileri (The difference between ostracism and social exclusion: The effects on self-esteem, loneliness, and general belongingness emotion). Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(20), 45-55.
  • Kavaklı, M. (2021). Which one is more detrimental for humankind? Ostracism or social exclusion? Their effects on depression, anxiety, stress. Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 10(1), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.5455/JCBPR.63389
  • Kowalski, C. M., Vernon, P. A. & Schermer, J. A. (2016). The general factor of personality: The relationship between the big one and the dark triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 256-260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.028
  • McDonald, M. M. & Donnellan, M. B. (2012). Is ostracism a strong situation? The influence of personality in reactions to rejection. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(5), 614-618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2012.05.008
  • Özsoy, E., Rauthmann, J. F., Jonason, P.K. & Ardıç, K. (2017). Reliability and validity of the Turkish versions of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD-T), Short Dark Triad (SD3-T), and Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS-T). Personality and Individual Differences, 117, 11-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.019
  • Paulhus, D. L. & Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
  • Perchtold-Stefan, C. M., Fink, A., Rominger, C. & Papousek, I. (2022). Social exclusion increases antisocial tendencies: Evidence from retaliatory ideation in a malevolent creativity task. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2021.2012633
  • Peters, A. S., Rowat, W. C. & Johnson, M. K. (2011). Associations between dispositional humility and social relationship quality. Psychology, 2(3), 155-161. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2011.23025
  • Porter, T., Elnakouri, A., Meyers, E. A., Shibayama, T., Jayawickreme, E. & Grossmann, I. (2022). Predictors and consequences of intellectual humility. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1(9), 524-536. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-022-00081-9
  • Raskin, R. N. & Hall, C. S. (1979). A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological Reports, 45(2), 590-590.
  • Reinhard, M. A., Dewald-Kaufmann, J., Wuestenberg, T., Musil, R., Barton, B. B., Jobst, A. & Padberg, F. (2020). The vicious circle of social exclusion and psychopathology: A systematic review of experimental ostracism research in psychiatric disorders. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 270(5), 521-532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-019-01074-1
  • Ross, L. T. & Wright, J. C. (2021). Humility, personality, and psychological functioning. Psychological Reports, 00332941211062819. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941211062819
  • Rudert, S. C., Janke, S. & Greifeneder, R. (2020). The experience of ostracism over the adult life span. Developmental Psychology, 56(10), 1999. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001096
  • Sertelin-Mercan, Ç. (2016). Ostracism Experience Scale for Adolescents: Turkish validity and reliability. Hasan Ali Yücel Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2), 175-186.
  • Staebler, K., Renneberg, B., Stopsack, M., Fiedler, P., Weiler, M. & Roepke, S. (2011). Facial emotional expression in reaction to social exclusion in borderline personality disorder. Psychological Medicine, 41(9), 1929-1938. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711000080
  • Van Tongeren, D. R., Ng, V., Hickman, L. & Tay, L. (2022). Behavioral measures of humility: Part 1. Theoretical and methodological review. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2022.2109202 Williams, K. D. (2007). Ostracism: The kiss of social death. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1(1), 236-247.
  • Wirth, J. H., Lynam, D. R. & Williams, K. D. (2010). When social pain is not automatic: Personality disorder traits buffer ostracism’s immediate negative impact. Journal of Research in Personality, 44(3), 397-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2010.03.001
  • Xu, E. & Huang, X. (2012). The relationship between narcissism and ostracism: Expertise status and team goal interdependence. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2012, No. 1, p. 12985). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.
  • Yaakobi, E. (2022). Personality as a moderator of immediate and delayed ostracism distress. British Journal of Social Psychology, 61(4), 1454-1477. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12484
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dil Çalışmaları (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Kavaklı 0000-0001-8876-3966

Şeyda Eruyar 0000-0003-0605-0837

Gülten Ünal 0000-0003-1000-952X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 11 Sayı: Cumhuriyet'in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı

Kaynak Göster

APA Kavaklı, M., Eruyar, Ş., & Ünal, G. (2023). The Relationship Between Dark Triad and Ostracism: The Mediating Role of Humility. Mavi Atlas, 11(Cumhuriyet’in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.18795/gumusmaviatlas.1296355

Tarandığımız Dizinler:

19020 19017 1901824810 19019

e-ISSN: 2148-5232