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An Analysis on the Atmospheric Effects During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Ro-Ro Port Example

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: Special Issue 2nd International Symposium of Sustainable Logistics “Circular Economy”, 79 - 86, 09.12.2022

Firat Bolat

https://doi.org/10.54709/iisbf.1180878

Öz

One of the most difficult issues that the world is currently facing is the pollution caused by greenhouse gases (GHG), which is caused by the transportation industry. All of the international transportation organizations, such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), and others, have implemented climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. After that obliged the shipping industry to take particular measures after the 1st of January 2020, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) laid out a plan and provided an initial strategy for reducing GHGs in 2018. Emissions caused by humans are a well-established contributor to both the progression of climate change on a global scale and the deterioration of public health. It is an inescapable fact that ports, which serve as one of the touchpoints between different modes of maritime transportation, will also be impacted by these emissions. At Ro-Ro ports, the presence of air pollution is caused by anthropogenic emissions that are produced when ship generators are used in the process of handling goods. Because of this, it is essential to investigate the movements of ships in Ro-Ro ports as well as the quantity of fuel and its features that are consumed by the generators utilized in these ships.
Ship movements of a Ro-Ro port that is operational in the Tuzla administrative port region were obtained by using the data from 19 distinct ships' hotelling times by day at the quays in 2019 and 2020. At 2019 and 2020, ship movements in the relevant port were analyzed, and data regarding the length of time that vessels spent at the quays was collected. The data on fuel usage for these ships was used in conjunction with an estimating model that was presented by the European Environment Agency (EEA) in its Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook. In this study, comparisons were made between ship emissions in different years at the berths of a Ro-Ro port.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maritime Atmospheric Effect Ro-Ro Port

Kaynakça

  • [1] IMO. Fourth IMO GHG Study 2020; International Maritime Organization (IMO): London, UK, 2020
  • [2] EMSA (European Maritime Safety Agency); EEA (European Environment Agency). European Maritime Transport Environmental Report 2021; Publications Office of the European Union: Luxembourg, 2021; ISBN 9789294803719.
  • [3] OLMER, Naya, et al. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Global Shipping, 2013–2015 Detailed Methodology. International Council on Clean Transportation: Washington, DC, USA, 2017, 1-38.
  • [4] ANENBERG, Susan, et al. A global snapshot of the air pollution-related health impacts of transportation sector emissions in 2010 and 2015. International Council on Clean Transportation: Washington, DC, USA, 2019.
  • [5] SHEN, Feixiang; LI, Xiaobo. Effects of fuel types and fuel sulphur content on the characteristics of particulate emissions in marine low-speed diesel engine. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020, 27.30: 37229-37236.
  • [6] SOFIEV, Mikhail, et al. Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs. Nature communications, 2018, 9.1: 1-12.
  • [7] WANG, Chengfeng; CALLAHAN, John; Corbet, James, Geospatial Modeling of Ship Traffic and Air Emissions, Proceeding of ESRI International Conference. 2007.
  • [8] HADIPOUR, Mehrdad; MORTEZA Naderi; MAZLIN Mokhtar; LEE Khai. Geospatial Analyzing of Straits Shipping Paths for Integration of Air Quality and Marine Wildlife Conservation. Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 5, no. 1 (2021): 63-80.
  • [9] JUGOVIĆ, Alen; SLIŠKOVIĆ, Merica; VUKIĆ, Luka. Concept of External Costs Calculation in the Ports: Environmental Impacts. Tehnički vjesnik, 2018, 25.Supplement 2: 495-502.
  • [10] TICHAVSKA, Miluše; TOVAR, Beatriz. External costs from vessel emissions at port: a review of the methodological and empirical state of the art. Transport Reviews, 2017, 37.3: 383-402.
  • [11] KOTRIKLA, A. M., et al. European Environmental Compulsory Framework on Shipping and Ports.
  • [12] COGEA (2017), Differentiated Port Infrastructure Charges to Promote Environmentally Friendly Maritime Transport Activities and Sustainable Transportation, June 2017 https://ec.eur opa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/2017–06-differentiated-portinfrastructure-charges-report.pdf
  • [13] ZHU, Mo, et al. Incentive policy for reduction of emission from ships: A case study of China. Marine Policy, 2017, 86: 253-258.
  • [14] KOTRIKLA, Anna Maria; LILAS, Theodoros; NIKITAKOS, Nikitas. Abatement of air pollution at an aegean island port utilizing shore side electricity and renewable energy. Marine Policy, 2017, 75: 238-248.
  • [15] ROLÁN, Alejandro, et al. Integration of cold ironing and renewable sources in the barcelona smart port. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2019, 55.6: 7198-7206.
  • [16] SPENGLER, Thomas; TOVAR, Beatriz. Potential of cold-ironing for the reduction of externalities from in-port shipping emissions: The state-owned Spanish port system case. Journal of Environmental Management, 2021, 279: 111807.
  • [17] SPENGLER, Thomas; TOVAR, Beatriz. Potential of cold-ironing for the reduction of externalities from in-port shipping emissions: The state-owned Spanish port system case. Journal of Environmental Management, 2021, 279: 111807.
  • [18] COPPOLA, T., et al. A sustainable electrical interface to mitigate emissions due to power supply in ports. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 54: 816-823.
  • [19] ZIS, Thalis PV. Prospects of cold ironing as an emissions reduction option. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2019, 119: 82-95.
  • [20] ZIS, Thalis, et al. Payback period for emissions abatement alternatives: role of regulation and fuel prices. Transportation Research Record, 2016, 2549.1: 37-44.
  • [21] Díaz-Ruiz-Navamuel, E., Piris, A. O., & Pérez-Labajos, C. A. (2018). Reduction in CO2 emissions in RoRo/Pax ports equipped with automatic mooring systems. Environmental Pollution, 241, 879-886.
  • [22] Circular for Fuel Applications Without Special Consumption Tax 2019. Istanbul & Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean, Blacksea Regions Chamber of Shipping [online], [Accessed 7 May 2022]. Available from: https://www.denizticaretodasi.org.tr/
  • [23] IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0, 2020., Armonk, NY: IBM Corporation.
  • [24] EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019 Section 1.A.3.d Navigation (shipping) 2019, 2020. European Environment Agency [online], [Accessed 7 May 2022]. Available from: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-d-navigation/view

COVID-19 Pandemisi Sırasında Atmosferik Etkiler Üzerine Bir Analiz: Bir Ro-Ro Limanı Örneği

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: Special Issue 2nd International Symposium of Sustainable Logistics “Circular Economy”, 79 - 86, 09.12.2022

Firat Bolat

https://doi.org/10.54709/iisbf.1180878

Öz

Dünyanın şu anda karşı karşıya olduğu en zor sorunlardan biri, ulaşım endüstrisinin neden olduğu sera gazlarının (GHG) neden olduğu kirliliktir. Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü (IMO), Uluslararası Sivil Havacılık Örgütü (ICAO) ve diğer tüm uluslararası taşımacılık örgütleri, iklim değişikliğini azaltma ve uyum önlemlerini uygulamaktadır. 1 Ocak 2020'den sonra denizcilik endüstrisini belirli önlemler almaya mecbur bırakan Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü (IMO), 2018'de sera gazlarını azaltmak için bir plan hazırlamış ve bir başlangıç ​​stratejisi sağlamıştır. İnsanların neden olduğu emisyonlar, hem iklim değişikliğinin küresel ölçekte ilerlemesine hem de halk sağlığının bozulmasına köklü bir katkıda bulunmaktadır. Farklı deniz taşımacılığı modları arasında temas noktalarından biri olan limanların da bu emisyonlardan etkileneceği kaçınılmaz bir gerçektir. Ro-Ro limanlarında, hava kirliliğinin varlığı, malların taşınması sürecinde gemi jeneratörleri kullanıldığında üretilen antropojenik emisyonlardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu nedenle Ro-Ro limanlarındaki gemilerin hareketlerinin ve bu gemilerde kullanılan jeneratörlerin tükettiği yakıt miktarı ve özelliklerinin araştırılması gerekmektedir.
Tuzla idari liman bölgesinde faaliyette olan bir Ro-Ro limanının gemi hareketleri, 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında 19 ayrı geminin rıhtımlarda günlük konaklama süreleri verileri kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında ilgili limandaki gemi hareketleri analiz edilerek, gemilerin rıhtımlarda geçirdikleri sürelere ilişkin veriler toplanmıştır. Bu gemiler için yakıt kullanımına ilişkin veriler, Avrupa Çevre Ajansı (AÇA) tarafından Hava Kirletici Emisyon Envanteri Kılavuzunda sunulan bir tahmin modeli ile birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada bir Ro-Ro limanı rıhtımlarındaki farklı yıllardaki gemi emisyonları arasında karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Denizcilik Atmosferik Etki Ro-Ro Limanı

Kaynakça

  • [1] IMO. Fourth IMO GHG Study 2020; International Maritime Organization (IMO): London, UK, 2020
  • [2] EMSA (European Maritime Safety Agency); EEA (European Environment Agency). European Maritime Transport Environmental Report 2021; Publications Office of the European Union: Luxembourg, 2021; ISBN 9789294803719.
  • [3] OLMER, Naya, et al. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Global Shipping, 2013–2015 Detailed Methodology. International Council on Clean Transportation: Washington, DC, USA, 2017, 1-38.
  • [4] ANENBERG, Susan, et al. A global snapshot of the air pollution-related health impacts of transportation sector emissions in 2010 and 2015. International Council on Clean Transportation: Washington, DC, USA, 2019.
  • [5] SHEN, Feixiang; LI, Xiaobo. Effects of fuel types and fuel sulphur content on the characteristics of particulate emissions in marine low-speed diesel engine. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020, 27.30: 37229-37236.
  • [6] SOFIEV, Mikhail, et al. Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs. Nature communications, 2018, 9.1: 1-12.
  • [7] WANG, Chengfeng; CALLAHAN, John; Corbet, James, Geospatial Modeling of Ship Traffic and Air Emissions, Proceeding of ESRI International Conference. 2007.
  • [8] HADIPOUR, Mehrdad; MORTEZA Naderi; MAZLIN Mokhtar; LEE Khai. Geospatial Analyzing of Straits Shipping Paths for Integration of Air Quality and Marine Wildlife Conservation. Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 5, no. 1 (2021): 63-80.
  • [9] JUGOVIĆ, Alen; SLIŠKOVIĆ, Merica; VUKIĆ, Luka. Concept of External Costs Calculation in the Ports: Environmental Impacts. Tehnički vjesnik, 2018, 25.Supplement 2: 495-502.
  • [10] TICHAVSKA, Miluše; TOVAR, Beatriz. External costs from vessel emissions at port: a review of the methodological and empirical state of the art. Transport Reviews, 2017, 37.3: 383-402.
  • [11] KOTRIKLA, A. M., et al. European Environmental Compulsory Framework on Shipping and Ports.
  • [12] COGEA (2017), Differentiated Port Infrastructure Charges to Promote Environmentally Friendly Maritime Transport Activities and Sustainable Transportation, June 2017 https://ec.eur opa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/2017–06-differentiated-portinfrastructure-charges-report.pdf
  • [13] ZHU, Mo, et al. Incentive policy for reduction of emission from ships: A case study of China. Marine Policy, 2017, 86: 253-258.
  • [14] KOTRIKLA, Anna Maria; LILAS, Theodoros; NIKITAKOS, Nikitas. Abatement of air pollution at an aegean island port utilizing shore side electricity and renewable energy. Marine Policy, 2017, 75: 238-248.
  • [15] ROLÁN, Alejandro, et al. Integration of cold ironing and renewable sources in the barcelona smart port. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2019, 55.6: 7198-7206.
  • [16] SPENGLER, Thomas; TOVAR, Beatriz. Potential of cold-ironing for the reduction of externalities from in-port shipping emissions: The state-owned Spanish port system case. Journal of Environmental Management, 2021, 279: 111807.
  • [17] SPENGLER, Thomas; TOVAR, Beatriz. Potential of cold-ironing for the reduction of externalities from in-port shipping emissions: The state-owned Spanish port system case. Journal of Environmental Management, 2021, 279: 111807.
  • [18] COPPOLA, T., et al. A sustainable electrical interface to mitigate emissions due to power supply in ports. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 54: 816-823.
  • [19] ZIS, Thalis PV. Prospects of cold ironing as an emissions reduction option. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2019, 119: 82-95.
  • [20] ZIS, Thalis, et al. Payback period for emissions abatement alternatives: role of regulation and fuel prices. Transportation Research Record, 2016, 2549.1: 37-44.
  • [21] Díaz-Ruiz-Navamuel, E., Piris, A. O., & Pérez-Labajos, C. A. (2018). Reduction in CO2 emissions in RoRo/Pax ports equipped with automatic mooring systems. Environmental Pollution, 241, 879-886.
  • [22] Circular for Fuel Applications Without Special Consumption Tax 2019. Istanbul & Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean, Blacksea Regions Chamber of Shipping [online], [Accessed 7 May 2022]. Available from: https://www.denizticaretodasi.org.tr/
  • [23] IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0, 2020., Armonk, NY: IBM Corporation.
  • [24] EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019 Section 1.A.3.d Navigation (shipping) 2019, 2020. European Environment Agency [online], [Accessed 7 May 2022]. Available from: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-d-navigation/view
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Firat Bolat 0000-0001-9807-7089

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 9 Aralık 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Aralık 2022
Kabul Tarihi 2 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 9 Sayı: Special Issue 2nd International Symposium of Sustainable Logistics “Circular Economy”

Kaynak Göster

APA Bolat, F. (2022). An Analysis on the Atmospheric Effects During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Ro-Ro Port Example. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(Special Issue 2nd International Symposium of Sustainable Logistics “Circular Economy”), 79-86. https://doi.org/10.54709/iisbf.1180878
AMA Bolat F. An Analysis on the Atmospheric Effects During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Ro-Ro Port Example. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Aralık 2022;9(Special Issue 2nd International Symposium of Sustainable Logistics “Circular Economy”):79-86. doi:10.54709/iisbf.1180878
Chicago Bolat, Firat. “An Analysis on the Atmospheric Effects During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Ro-Ro Port Example”. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 9, sy. Special Issue 2nd International Symposium of Sustainable Logistics “Circular Economy” (Aralık 2022): 79-86. https://doi.org/10.54709/iisbf.1180878.
EndNote Bolat F (01 Aralık 2022) An Analysis on the Atmospheric Effects During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Ro-Ro Port Example. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 9 Special Issue 2nd International Symposium of Sustainable Logistics “Circular Economy” 79–86.
IEEE F. Bolat, “An Analysis on the Atmospheric Effects During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Ro-Ro Port Example”, Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 9, sy. Special Issue 2nd International Symposium of Sustainable Logistics “Circular Economy”, ss. 79–86, 2022, doi: 10.54709/iisbf.1180878.
ISNAD Bolat, Firat. “An Analysis on the Atmospheric Effects During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Ro-Ro Port Example”. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 9/Special Issue 2nd International Symposium of Sustainable Logistics “Circular Economy” (Aralık 2022), 79-86. https://doi.org/10.54709/iisbf.1180878.
JAMA Bolat F. An Analysis on the Atmospheric Effects During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Ro-Ro Port Example. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2022;9:79–86.
MLA Bolat, Firat. “An Analysis on the Atmospheric Effects During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Ro-Ro Port Example”. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 9, sy. Special Issue 2nd International Symposium of Sustainable Logistics “Circular Economy”, 2022, ss. 79-86, doi:10.54709/iisbf.1180878.
Vancouver Bolat F. An Analysis on the Atmospheric Effects During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Ro-Ro Port Example. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2022;9(Special Issue 2nd International Symposium of Sustainable Logistics “Circular Economy”):79-86.
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