A Morpho-pragmatic Classification of Turkish TAM Markers

Kadri Kuram

doi:10.18492/dad.1083233

EN TR

A Morpho-pragmatic Classification of Turkish TAM Markers

Abstract

This article reviews eight TAM (Tense/Aspect/Mood) markers of Turkish regarding their pragmatic functions. Its main argument is that three aspectuo-temporal situations and nominal predication present an environment where multiple markers compete for expression and that the choice of marker depends on pragmatics. Perfective past viewpoint has four competing markers: mIştI, DI, mIş and mIştIr. mIştI and DI contrast in that -mIştI marks shared knowledge while -DI marks the speaker’s epistemic primacy. mIş, on the other hand, only indicates that the speaker does not hold epistemic primacy. It is void of any assumptions regarding the addressee’s epistemic position. -mIştIr is the marker of choice if the speaker and the speech community share the knowledge of the past event and impose primacy over the addressee. Such a pragmatic classification allows us to treat the other markers competing for continuous aspect, iterative aspect, and nominal predication. These are -Ar and -yor with verbal predicates, and -DIr and -∅ with nominal predicates.

Keywords

Türkçe Görünüş/Kip/Zaman Biçimbirimlerinin Biçim-kullanımsal Sınıflandırması

Öz

Bu çalışma Türkçedeki sekiz Görünüş/Kip/Zaman belirleyicisini kullanımbilimsel işlevleri açısından incelemektedir. Çalışmanın temel iddiası üç görünüş-zamansal durumun ve adcıl yüklemlemenin birden fazla belirleyicinin mümkün olduğu bir bağlam oluşturduğu ve bu durumlarda seçimin kullanımbilimsel olarak yapıldığıdır. Bitmişlik geçmiş zaman durumunun dört belirleyicisi bulunmaktadır. Bunlar mIştI, DI, mIş ve mIştIr ekleridir. mIştI ve -DI karşıtlığında mIştI paylaşılan bilgiyi işaretlerken -DI konuşucunun bilgisel önceliğini göstermektedir. -mIş ise sadece konuşucunun bilgisel önceliğe sahip olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu ek dinleyicinin bilgisel konumu açısından herhangi bir varsayım işaretlememektedir. mIştIr ise konuşucunun geçmiş olayla ilgili bilgiyi konuşucu topluluğuyla paylaştığı ve dinleyici karşısında bu iki katılımcının birlikte bilgisel önceliğe sahip olduğu durumlarda kullanılmaktadır. Bu kullanımsal sınıflandırma ayrıca sürme ve tekrar etme görünüşü ile adcıl yüklemlemede de görülmektedir. Bu durumlarda ekler eylemcil yüklemlerde -Ar ve -yor, adcıl yüklemlerde ise -DIr ve -∅ ekleridir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Language Studies

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Kadri Kuram ^*
0000-0001-8829-5680
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 31, 2022

Submission Date

March 5, 2022

Acceptance Date

September 22, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 2022 Volume: 33 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1083233

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA94XA26LC

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kuram, K. (2022). A Morpho-pragmatic Classification of Turkish TAM Markers. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 33(2), 145-171. https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1083233

Cited By

Common ground management via evidential markers in Turkish

Pragmatics and Society

https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.21058.kur