Öz
Reported speech/quotations are used to insert other voices in texts, resulting in a form of intertextuality. With this characteristic, they are a form of intertextuality. Reporting can be through direct, indirect, strategic, transformed indirect and ostensible direct quotations and these involve ideological implications since they are closely related to evaluation and assessment. In this study, different types of reported speech and their discursive functions have been studied within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis in the op-ed articles in nine different newspapers known to be the representatives of different political ideologies. According to the findings of the study, direct quotations are the most frequently used type of reported speech and they are followed by indirect quotations in all types of ideologies. Considering type and ideology relationship, it has been found that writers of secular ideology use direct, strategical and transformed indirect quotations more frequently than the others. On the other hand, indirect and ostensible direct quotations are used more frequently in Islamist ideology. Regarding their discursive functions, writers use quotations to realize different aims: tangibly supporting their arguments to make themselves more creditable, increase the reliability of their arguments, legitimize/validate their own statements; dramatizing events; evading responsibility by distancing themselves from the source of information; describing and disparaging the characteristics of the person they quote or report; bringing the opposing opinions to the attention of the readers; providing the background of a piece of information; describing the characteristics of the person quoted and praising them.
Anahtar Kelimeler
reported speech op-ed articles media discourse critical discourse analysis discursive functions of reported speech
Kaynakça
- Bloor, Thomas & Bloor, Meriel. 2004. The functional analysis of English, 2nd edn. London: Arnold. Bloor, Meriel & Bloor, Thomas. 2007. The practice of Critical Discourse Analysis: An introduction. New York: Hodder Arnold.Brown, Penelope & Levinson, Stephen C. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage (Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics 4), 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Burgo, Clara. 2007. Reporting verbs in Spanish and French press: Informant’s or speaker’s perspective?. Georgetown University Luso-Hispanic Linguistics Papers (GULLP). 1-10.Buttny, Richard. 1997. Reported speech in talking race on campus. Human Communication Research 23. 477-506.Buttny, Richard & Williams, Princess L. 2000. Demanding respect: The uses of reported speech in discursive construction of interracial contact. Discourse & Society 11(1). 109-133.Coulmas, Florian. 1985. Direct and indirect speech: General problems and problems of Japanese. Journal of Pragmatics 9(1). 41-63.Coulmas, Florian (ed.). 1986. Direct and indirect speech (Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs 31). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. de Beaugrande, Robert & Dressler, Wolfgang U. 1981. Introduction to Text Linguistics. London: Longman.Ercan, Gülsüm Songül. 2003. Gazete köşe yazılarında dil kullanımı: Kaçınmalar ve cinsiyet değişkeni. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül University unpublished MA thesis.Fairclough, Norman. 1995. Media discourse. London, United Kingdom: Arnold.Fairclough, Norman. 1996. Discourse and social change, 4th edn. Cambridge: Blackwell.Fairclough, Norman. 2003. Analyzing Discourse: Textual analysis for social research. London: Routledge.Fairclough, Norman. & Wodak, Ruth. 1997. Critical Discourse Analysis. In Teun A. van Dijk (ed.), Discourse studies: A multidisciplinary introduction, vol. 2, 258-284. London: Sage.Foucault, Michel. 2002. The archaeology of knowledge. London: Routledge.Fowler, Roger. 1991. Language in the news: Discourse and ideology in the press. London: Routledge.Kornfilt, Jaklin. 1997. Turkish. London: Routledge.Kress, Gunther. 1983. Linguistic process and the mediation of ‘reality’: The politics of newspaper language. International Journal of Sociology of Language 40. 43-57. Kress, Gunther. 1996. Representational resources and the production of subjectivity. In Carmen Rosa Caldas-Coulthard & Malcolm Coulthard (ed.), Texts and practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis, 15-32. London: Routledge.Kuo, Sai-Hua. 2001. Reported speech in Chinese political discourse. Discourse Studies 3(2), 181-202.Leitch, Vincent B. 1983. Deconstructive criticism. New York: Columbia University Press.Lin, Hua. 1999. Reported speech in Mandarin conversational discourse. Taiwan: National Taiwan Normal University PhD dissertation.Obiedat, Nawaf. 2006. The pragma-ideological implications of using reported speech: The case of reporting on the Al-Aqsa intifada. Pragmatics 16(2/3). 275-304.Richardson, John E. 2007. Analysing newspapers: An approach from Critical Discourse Analysis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. van Dijk, Teun A. 1988. News as Discourse. New Jersey: Lawrene Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.van Dijk, Teun A. 1996. Opinions and ideologies in editorials. Paper for the 4th International Symposium of Critical Discourse Analysis, Language, Social Life and Critical Thought. Athens, 14-16 December, 1995.van Dijk, Teun. A. 1998. Ideology: A multidisciplinary approach. London: Sage.
Öz
Dolaylı aktarımlar/alıntılar metinlere diğer sesleri katmak için kullanılır. Bu özelliğiyle de metinlerarasılığın bir biçimidir. Aktarım; dolaysız, dolaylı, stratejik, dönüştürülmüş dolaylı ve sözde dolaysız aktarım olabilir ve söz konusu türler değerlendirme ve yorumlama ile yakından ilişkili olduğu için ideolojik sezdirimler içerir. Bu çalışmada, farklı politik ideolojilerin temsilcisi olarak bilinen dokuz farklı gazetede yer alan köşe yazılarında, farklı aktarım türleri ve söylem işlevleri Eleştirel Söylem Çözümlemesi çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın bulgularında göre, tüm ideolojilerde dolaysız alıntılar en sık kullanılan aktarım türüdür ve bunu dolaylı alıntılar takip etmektedir. Aktarım türü ve ideoloji ilişkisi göz önüne alındığında, laik ideoloji yazarlarının dolaysız, stratejik ve dönüştürülmüş dolaylı aktarımları diğerlerinden daha sık kullandıkları saptanmıştır. Öte yandan, dolaylı ve sözde dolaylı aktarımlar İslami ideolojide daha sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Söylemsel işlevleriyle ilgili olarak yazarlar alıntıları, kendilerini daha güvenilir kılmak amacıyla savlarını somut bir biçimde desteklemek; savlarının güvenirliğini artırmak; kendi ifadelerini meşrulaştırmak/geçerli kılmak; olayları dramatize etmek; kendilerini bilgi kaynağından uzaklaştırarak sorumluluktan kaçınmak; alıntı ya da aktarım yaptıkları kişinin özelliklerini betimlemek ve onları küçük düşürmek; karşıt görüşleri okurların dikkatine sunmak; bir bilginin ilgili arka planını vermek; alıntı ya da aktarım yaptıkları kişinin özelliklerini betimlemek ve onları övmek gibi farklı amaçları gerçekleştirmek için kullanmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
aktarım gazete köşe yazıları medya söylemi eleştirel söylem çözümlemesi siyasi ideoloji aktarım tümcelerinin söylem işlevleri
Kaynakça
- Bloor, Thomas & Bloor, Meriel. 2004. The functional analysis of English, 2nd edn. London: Arnold. Bloor, Meriel & Bloor, Thomas. 2007. The practice of Critical Discourse Analysis: An introduction. New York: Hodder Arnold.Brown, Penelope & Levinson, Stephen C. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage (Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics 4), 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Burgo, Clara. 2007. Reporting verbs in Spanish and French press: Informant’s or speaker’s perspective?. Georgetown University Luso-Hispanic Linguistics Papers (GULLP). 1-10.Buttny, Richard. 1997. Reported speech in talking race on campus. Human Communication Research 23. 477-506.Buttny, Richard & Williams, Princess L. 2000. Demanding respect: The uses of reported speech in discursive construction of interracial contact. Discourse & Society 11(1). 109-133.Coulmas, Florian. 1985. Direct and indirect speech: General problems and problems of Japanese. Journal of Pragmatics 9(1). 41-63.Coulmas, Florian (ed.). 1986. Direct and indirect speech (Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs 31). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. de Beaugrande, Robert & Dressler, Wolfgang U. 1981. Introduction to Text Linguistics. London: Longman.Ercan, Gülsüm Songül. 2003. Gazete köşe yazılarında dil kullanımı: Kaçınmalar ve cinsiyet değişkeni. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül University unpublished MA thesis.Fairclough, Norman. 1995. Media discourse. London, United Kingdom: Arnold.Fairclough, Norman. 1996. Discourse and social change, 4th edn. Cambridge: Blackwell.Fairclough, Norman. 2003. Analyzing Discourse: Textual analysis for social research. London: Routledge.Fairclough, Norman. & Wodak, Ruth. 1997. Critical Discourse Analysis. In Teun A. van Dijk (ed.), Discourse studies: A multidisciplinary introduction, vol. 2, 258-284. London: Sage.Foucault, Michel. 2002. The archaeology of knowledge. London: Routledge.Fowler, Roger. 1991. Language in the news: Discourse and ideology in the press. London: Routledge.Kornfilt, Jaklin. 1997. Turkish. London: Routledge.Kress, Gunther. 1983. Linguistic process and the mediation of ‘reality’: The politics of newspaper language. International Journal of Sociology of Language 40. 43-57. Kress, Gunther. 1996. Representational resources and the production of subjectivity. In Carmen Rosa Caldas-Coulthard & Malcolm Coulthard (ed.), Texts and practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis, 15-32. London: Routledge.Kuo, Sai-Hua. 2001. Reported speech in Chinese political discourse. Discourse Studies 3(2), 181-202.Leitch, Vincent B. 1983. Deconstructive criticism. New York: Columbia University Press.Lin, Hua. 1999. Reported speech in Mandarin conversational discourse. Taiwan: National Taiwan Normal University PhD dissertation.Obiedat, Nawaf. 2006. The pragma-ideological implications of using reported speech: The case of reporting on the Al-Aqsa intifada. Pragmatics 16(2/3). 275-304.Richardson, John E. 2007. Analysing newspapers: An approach from Critical Discourse Analysis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. van Dijk, Teun A. 1988. News as Discourse. New Jersey: Lawrene Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.van Dijk, Teun A. 1996. Opinions and ideologies in editorials. Paper for the 4th International Symposium of Critical Discourse Analysis, Language, Social Life and Critical Thought. Athens, 14-16 December, 1995.van Dijk, Teun. A. 1998. Ideology: A multidisciplinary approach. London: Sage.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 |
Cited By
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Dergi DOI:10.18492/dad