The Generalization of Inflectional and Derivational Patterns to Novel Stems by L1 Turkish Learners of L2 English
Yıl 2019, Cilt 30, Sayı 1, 103 - 121, 31.05.2019Öz
Studies investigating the morphological
processing of affixed forms have to date focused predominantly on inflectional
rather than derivational forms and have mostly tested L1 speakers. The present
study investigated how high and low proficiency Turkish learners of L2 English
generalize regular/irregular verbal inflection and deadjectival un-/in- derivatives
to novel stems in an acceptability judgment task. The results showed that the
participants generalized both the inflectional and derivational affixes to
novel stems when these stems were similar to the existing stems appearing
together with these affixes. However, the participants showed no preference
when novel stems were dissimilar both in the case of verbal inflection and deadjectival
derivatives. The proficiency level of the participants did not affect the
overall response patterns. The results are discussed in terms of different
models proposed for the morphological processing of complex word forms.
Anahtar Kelimeler
inflection, derivation, morphological processing, L2 proficiency, generalization
Kaynakça
- Adams, V. (2001). Complex Words in English. Longman. Harlow.
- Agathopoulou, E., & Papadopoulou, D. (2009). Morphological dissociations in the L2 acquisition of an inflectionally rich language. EUROSLA Yearbook, 9, 107-131.
- Albright, A., Hayes, B. (2003). Rules vs. analogy in English past tenses: A computational/experimental study. Cognition, 90 (2), 119-161.
- Alegre, M., and Gordon, P. (1999b). Rule-based vesus associative processes in derivational morphology. Brain and Language. 68, 347-354.
- Beck, M. (1997). Regular verbs, past tense and frequency: Tracking down a potential source of NS/NNS competence differences. Second Language Research, 13(2), 93-115.
- Clahsen, H., Ikemoto, Y. (2012). The mental representation of derived words: An experimental study of –sa and –mi nominals in Japanese. The Mental Lexicon, 7(2), 147–182.
- Fiorentino, R., Naito-Billen, Y., & Minai, U. (2015). Morphological Decomposition in Japanese De-adjectival Nominals: Masked and Overt Priming Evidence. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 45(3), 575-597.
- Francis, W. N., Kucera, H. (1982). Frequency analysis of English usage: Lexicon and Grammar. Boston, MA, Houghton Mifflin.
- Hagiwara, H., Ito, T., Sugioka, Y., Kawamura, M., & Shiota, J. I. (1999). Neurolinguistic evidence for rule-based nominal suffixation. Language, 75(4), 739-763.
- Havas, V., Rodríguez-Fornells, A., & Clahsen, H. (2012). Brain potentials for derivational morphology: An ERP study of deadjectival nominalizations in Spanish. Brain and Language, 120(3), 332-344.
- Kırkıcı, B. (2005). Words and Rules in L2 Processing: An Analysis of the Dual-mechanism Model. Thesis submitted to the graduate school of social sciences of Middle East Technical University.
- Murphy, V. A. (2004). Dissociable systems in second language inflectional morphology. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26, 433-459.
- Neubauer, K. and Clahsen, H. (2009). Decomposition of inflected words in a second language: An experimental study of German participles. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 31, 403-35.
- Pinker, S. (1999). Word and rules: The ingredients of language. New York, Harper Collins.
- Pinker, S., Ullman, M. T. (2002). The past-tense debate: The past and future of the past tense. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(11), 456-463.
- Pliatsikas, C., Johnstone, T., & Marinis, T. (2014). FMRI Evidence for the Involvement of the Procedural Memory System in Morphological Processing of a Second Language. PLoS ONE, 9(5).
- Prasada, S., Pinker, S. (1993). Generalization of regular and irregular morphological patterns. Language and Cognitive Processes, 8(1), 1-56.
- Rumelhart, D. E., McClelland, J. L. (1986). On learning the past tenses of English verbs. In D. E. Rumelhart (ed.). Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Cambridge, MA, 216-271, MIT Press.
- Silva, R., Clahsen, H. (2008). Morphologically complex words in L1 and L2 processing: Evidence from masked priming experiments in English. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 11(02), 245-260.
- Silva, R. H. (2009). Morphological processing in a second language: Evidence from Psycholinguistic experiments. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from British Library EThOS.
- Sonnenstuhl, I., Eisenbeiss, S., & Clahsen, H. (1999). Morphological priming in the German mental lexicon. Cognition, 72(3), 203-236.
- Spencer, A. (1991). Morphological theory. Oxford, Blackwell Publishers.
- Szymanek, B. (1989). Introduction to Morphological Analysis. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. Warszawa.
- Ullman, M. T. (1999). Acceptability ratings of regular and irregular past-tense forms: Evidence for a Dual-System Model of language from frequency and phonological neighborhood effects. Language and Cognitive Processes, 14 (1), 47-67.
- Ullman, M. T. (2001a). The neural basis of Lexicon and Grammar in first and second language: The Declarative/Procedural Model. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 4 (2), 105-122.
- Ullman, M. (2001b). The declarative/procedural model of the lexicon and grammar. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. 30(1), 37-69.
- Ullman, M. T. (2001c). A neurocognitive perspective on language: The declarative/procedural model. Nature, 2, 717–726.
- Veríssimo, J., Clahsen, H. (2014). Variables and similarity in linguistic generalization: Evidence from inflectional classes in Portuguese. Journal of Memory and Language, 76, 61-79.
D1 Türkçe D2 İngilizce Konuşucularının Çekimsel ve Türetimsel Örüntüleri Genelleme Biçimleri Üzerine
Yıl 2019, Cilt 30, Sayı 1, 103 - 121, 31.05.2019Öz
Alanyazındaki çalışmaların çoğunluğu, çekim eklerinin D1 konuşucuları tarafından biçimbilimsel olarak nasıl işlemlendiğine odaklanmıştır. Buna karşın, D2 konuşucularının işlemleme örüntülerini ve türetim eklerinin işlemlenmesini araştıran çalışmalar oldukça az sayıdadır. Bu doğrultuda, mevcut çalışmada, yüksek ve düşük seviye D1 Türkçe D2 İngilizce konuşucularının kurallı/kuralsız geçmiş zaman çekim ekini ve 'un-/in-' türetim eklerini, yeni oluşturulan sözcük köklerine nasıl genellediklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmadaki tüm ekler, bu ekleri alan mevcut sözcüklerin büyük ölçüde benzerlikleri korunarak değiştirilmesiyle elde edilen yeni sözcük kökleriyle birlikte sunulduğunda, anlamlı ölçüde yüksek kabul edilebilirlik oranı elde edilmiştir. Bunun yanısıra, hem çekim hem de türetim ekleri, mevcut sözcüklerden tamamen farklı olan yeni köklerle sunulduğunda, karşılaştırılan ekler arasında anlamlı bir tercih farkı bulunmamıştır. İki farklı yeterlik grubu arasında ise, genelleme davranışları bakımından anlamlı bir fark ortaya çıkmamıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, biçimbilimsel işlemleme üzerine önerilen farklı modeller ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
çekim, türetim, biçimbilimsel işlemleme, D2 yeterlik, genelleme
Kaynakça
- Adams, V. (2001). Complex Words in English. Longman. Harlow.
- Agathopoulou, E., & Papadopoulou, D. (2009). Morphological dissociations in the L2 acquisition of an inflectionally rich language. EUROSLA Yearbook, 9, 107-131.
- Albright, A., Hayes, B. (2003). Rules vs. analogy in English past tenses: A computational/experimental study. Cognition, 90 (2), 119-161.
- Alegre, M., and Gordon, P. (1999b). Rule-based vesus associative processes in derivational morphology. Brain and Language. 68, 347-354.
- Beck, M. (1997). Regular verbs, past tense and frequency: Tracking down a potential source of NS/NNS competence differences. Second Language Research, 13(2), 93-115.
- Clahsen, H., Ikemoto, Y. (2012). The mental representation of derived words: An experimental study of –sa and –mi nominals in Japanese. The Mental Lexicon, 7(2), 147–182.
- Fiorentino, R., Naito-Billen, Y., & Minai, U. (2015). Morphological Decomposition in Japanese De-adjectival Nominals: Masked and Overt Priming Evidence. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 45(3), 575-597.
- Francis, W. N., Kucera, H. (1982). Frequency analysis of English usage: Lexicon and Grammar. Boston, MA, Houghton Mifflin.
- Hagiwara, H., Ito, T., Sugioka, Y., Kawamura, M., & Shiota, J. I. (1999). Neurolinguistic evidence for rule-based nominal suffixation. Language, 75(4), 739-763.
- Havas, V., Rodríguez-Fornells, A., & Clahsen, H. (2012). Brain potentials for derivational morphology: An ERP study of deadjectival nominalizations in Spanish. Brain and Language, 120(3), 332-344.
- Kırkıcı, B. (2005). Words and Rules in L2 Processing: An Analysis of the Dual-mechanism Model. Thesis submitted to the graduate school of social sciences of Middle East Technical University.
- Murphy, V. A. (2004). Dissociable systems in second language inflectional morphology. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26, 433-459.
- Neubauer, K. and Clahsen, H. (2009). Decomposition of inflected words in a second language: An experimental study of German participles. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 31, 403-35.
- Pinker, S. (1999). Word and rules: The ingredients of language. New York, Harper Collins.
- Pinker, S., Ullman, M. T. (2002). The past-tense debate: The past and future of the past tense. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(11), 456-463.
- Pliatsikas, C., Johnstone, T., & Marinis, T. (2014). FMRI Evidence for the Involvement of the Procedural Memory System in Morphological Processing of a Second Language. PLoS ONE, 9(5).
- Prasada, S., Pinker, S. (1993). Generalization of regular and irregular morphological patterns. Language and Cognitive Processes, 8(1), 1-56.
- Rumelhart, D. E., McClelland, J. L. (1986). On learning the past tenses of English verbs. In D. E. Rumelhart (ed.). Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Cambridge, MA, 216-271, MIT Press.
- Silva, R., Clahsen, H. (2008). Morphologically complex words in L1 and L2 processing: Evidence from masked priming experiments in English. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 11(02), 245-260.
- Silva, R. H. (2009). Morphological processing in a second language: Evidence from Psycholinguistic experiments. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from British Library EThOS.
- Sonnenstuhl, I., Eisenbeiss, S., & Clahsen, H. (1999). Morphological priming in the German mental lexicon. Cognition, 72(3), 203-236.
- Spencer, A. (1991). Morphological theory. Oxford, Blackwell Publishers.
- Szymanek, B. (1989). Introduction to Morphological Analysis. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. Warszawa.
- Ullman, M. T. (1999). Acceptability ratings of regular and irregular past-tense forms: Evidence for a Dual-System Model of language from frequency and phonological neighborhood effects. Language and Cognitive Processes, 14 (1), 47-67.
- Ullman, M. T. (2001a). The neural basis of Lexicon and Grammar in first and second language: The Declarative/Procedural Model. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 4 (2), 105-122.
- Ullman, M. (2001b). The declarative/procedural model of the lexicon and grammar. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. 30(1), 37-69.
- Ullman, M. T. (2001c). A neurocognitive perspective on language: The declarative/procedural model. Nature, 2, 717–726.
- Veríssimo, J., Clahsen, H. (2014). Variables and similarity in linguistic generalization: Evidence from inflectional classes in Portuguese. Journal of Memory and Language, 76, 61-79.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sosyal |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar |
|
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Mayıs 2019 |
| Yayınlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019, Cilt 30, Sayı 1 |
Bu eser
Dergi DOI:10.18492/dad