Öz
Although the class of rhotics is not arbitrary regarding its phonological behavior thanks to its synchronic and diachronic stability and sonorant characteristic in syllable structures, it is arbitrary in terms of phonetic realizations. In a theory which allows such arbitrary phonetic realizations, there should be a phonology-phonetics interface which converts phonological primes into phonetic objects. The post-phonological spell-out, the interface between modular phonology and phonetics which have distinct vocabularies, acts as a dictionary, helping abstract phonological objects surface as certain phonetic articulations. As exemplified by rhotics in this study, phonetic qualities do not seem to be sufficient in defining the phonological identity of a segment. According to the language-specific post-phonological spell-out, it is possible for some rhotics to be realized as [r], some as [ʀ] and others as [ʃ] and all of these are assumed to be completely arbitrary. This assumption is also in line with substance-free phonology which argues that phonological objects do not have any phonetic substance associated with them.
Anahtar Kelimeler
post-phonological spell-out rhotic substance-free phonology phonology-phonetics interface
Kaynakça
- A petition. (1939). American Speech, 14(3), 206–208.
- Azevedo, M. M. (1981). A contrastive phonology of Portuguese and English. Georgetown University Press.
- Blaho, S. (2008). The syntax of phonology: A radically subtance-free approach [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. University of Tromsø.
- Boyce, S. E., Hamilton, S. M. ve Rivera-Campos, A. (2016). Acquiring rhoticity across languages: An ultrasound study of differentiating tongue movements. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 30(3-5), 174–201.
- Börtlü, G. (2020). The vowel triangle of Turkish and phonological processes of laxing and fronting in Turkish [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
- Câmara, J. M. (1972). The Portuguese language. University of Chicago Press.
- Capell, A. ve Hinch, H. E. (1970). Maung grammar: Texts and vocabulary. Mouton.
- Chabot, A. (2019). What’s wrong with being a rhotic? Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 4(1), Article 38, 1–24.
- Dell, F. ve Elmedlaoui, M. (2002). Syllables in Tashlhiyt Berber and in Moroccan Arabic. Springer Netherlands.
- Dixon, R. M. W. (1980). The languages of Australia. Cambridge University Press.
- Downing, L. J. (2001). Liquid spirantisation in Jita. Malilime: Malawian Journal of Linguistics, (2), 1–27.
- Dunstan, E. (1969). Twelve Nigerian languages. Africana Publication Corporation.
- Ergenç, İ. ve Uzun, İ. P. (2020). Türkçenin ses dizgesi (2. Baskı). Seçkin Yayınları.
- Fodor, J. (1968). The modularity of the mind. MIT-Bradford.
- Gussmann, E. (2007). The phonology of Polish. Oxford University Press.
- Haden, E. F. (1955). The uvular r in French. Language, 31(4), 504–510.
- Hall, T. A. (1992). Syllable final clusters and schwa epenthesis in German. P. Eisenberg, K.-H. Ramers ve H. Vater (Yay. haz.), Silbenphonologie des Deutschen içinde (ss. 208–245). Narr.
- Hall, T. A. (1997). The phonology of coronals. John Benjamins.
- Howard, L. (1967). Camsa phonology. V. G. Waterhouse (Yay. haz.), Phonemic systems of Colombian languages içinde (ss. 73–87). Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- Iverson, G. K. ve Sohn, H. S. (1994). Liquid representation in Korean. Y.-K. Kim-Renaud (Yay. haz.), Theoretical issues in Korean linguistics içinde (ss. 77–100). Center for the Study of Language and Information.
- Jaworski, S. ve Gillian, E. (2011). On the phonetic instability of the Polish rhotic /r/. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 47(2), 380–398.
- Kaye, J. (2006). GP, I'll have to put your flat feet on the ground. H. Broekhuis, N. Corver, R. Huybregts, U. Kleinhenz ve J. Koster (Yay. haz.), Organizing grammar: Studies in honor of Henk van Riemsdijk içinde (ss. 283–288). De Gruyter Mouton.
- Kornfilt, J. (1997). Turkish. Routledge.
- Ladefoged, P. (2005). A course in phonetics (5. Baskı). Harcourt.
- Ladefoged, P. ve Maddieson, I. (1996). The sounds of the world’s languages. Blackwell.
- Lahrouchi, M. (2020). Not as you R: Adapting the French rhotic into Berber. Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 5(1), Article 74, 1–17.
- Lindau, M. (1978). Vowel features. Language, 54(3), 541–563.
- Lindau, M. (1985). The story of /r/. V. Fromkin (Yay. haz.), Phonetic linguistics: Essays in honour of Peter Ladefoged içinde (ss. 157–168). Academic Press.
- Maddieson, I. (1984). Patterns of sounds. Cambridge University Press.
- Majidi, M. R. (1986). Strukturelle Grammatik des Neupersischen (Farsi). Volume 1: Phonologie. Eine paradigmatisch-syntagmatische Darstellung. Buske.
- Nevins, A. (2008). Review of A lateral theory of phonology: What is CVCV and why should it be by Tobias Scheer. Lingua, 118(3), 425–434.
- Nichols, S. (2016, Mayıs). An acoustic study of the Turkish rhotic. ’R-atics5 Konferansında sunulan poster, Leeuwarden, Hollanda.
- Proctor, M. I. (2009). Gestural characterization of a phonological class: The liquids [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Yale University, New Haven, CT.
- Rose, Y. ve Wauquier-Gravelines, S. (2007). French speech acquisition. S. McLeod (Yay. haz.), The international guide to speech acquisition içinde. Delmar Cengage Learning.
- Samuels, B. D. (2011). Phonological architecture: A biolinguistic approach. Oxford University Press.
- Scheer, T. (2011). A guide to morphosyntax-phonology interface theories. How extra-phonological information is treated in phonology since Trubetzkoy’s Grenzsignale. Mouton de Gruyter.
- Scheer, T. (2014). Spell-out, post-phonological. E. Cyran ve J. Szpyra-Kozłowska (Yay. haz.), Crossing phonetics-phonology lines içinde (ss. 255–275). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Scheer, T. (2019). Phonetic arbitrariness: A cartography. Phonological Studies, 22, 105–118.
- Scobbie, J. M. (2006). (R) as a variable. K. Brown (Yay. haz.), Encyclopedia of language & linguistics, Second Edition içinde (ss. 337–344). Elsevier.
- Scobbie, J. M. ve Sebregts, K. (2010). Acoustic, articulatory and phonological perspectives on allophonic variation of /r/. R. Folli ve C. Ulbrich (Yay. haz.), Interfaces in linguistics: New research perspectives içinde (ss. 131–169). Oxford University Press.
- Sebregts, K. (2014). The sociophonetics and phonology of Dutch r [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Utrecht University, Utrecht.
- Selen, N. (1979). Söyleyiş sesbilimi, akustik sesbilim ve Türkiye Türkçesi. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları.
- Selkirk, E. (1984). On the major class features and syllable theory. M. Aronoff ve R. T. Oehrle (Yay. haz.), Language sound structure (ss. 107–136) içinde. MIT Press.
- Taylan, E. E. (2015). The phonology and morphology of Turkish. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
- Volenec, V. ve Reiss, C. (2017). Cognitive phonetics: The transduction of distinctive features at the phonology–phonetics interface. Biolinguistics, 11, 257–294.
- Walsh Dickey, L. (1997). The phonology of liquids [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA.
- Wiese, R. (2000). The phonology of German. Oxford University Press.
- Wiese, R. (2001). The phonology of /r/. T. A. Hall (Yay. haz.), Distinctive feature theory içinde (ss. 335–368). Walter de Gruyter.
- Wiese, R. (2011). The representation of rhotics. M. van Oostendorp, E. Ewen, C. J. Hume ve K. Rice (Yay. haz.), The Blackwell companion to phonology içinde (ss. 711–729). Blackwell.
- Yavuz, H. (2011). Turkish consonants. Z. Balpınar (Yay. haz.), Turkish phonology and morphology (Türkçe ses ve biçim bilgisi) içinde (ss. 14–30). Anadolu Üniversitesi.
Öz
Rotik sınıfı hem eşzamanlı hem de artzamanlı tutarlılıkları ve seslem yapılarında gösterdikleri titreşimlilik özellikleri nedeniyle sesbilimsel davranışları yönünden nedensiz bir sınıf olmasa da sesbilgisel gerçekleşmeleri yönünden nedensiz bir sınıftır. Bu biçimdeki nedensiz sesbilgisel gerçekleşmelere izin veren bir kuramda, sesbilimsel asalları sesbilgisel nesnelere dönüştüren bir sesbilim-sesbilgisi arakesiti olmalıdır. Farklı sözvarlıklarına sahip olan modüler sesbilim ve sesbilgisinin arakesiti olan artsesbilimsel dağıtım, soyut sesbilimsel nesnelerin sesbilgisel eklemlenmelerini ortaya çıkaran bir sözlük görevi görmektedir. Bu çalışmada rotiklerle örneklendirildiği üzere, bir parçanın sesbilimsel kimliğinin tanımlanmasında sesbilgisel nitelikler yeterli görünmemektedir. Dilden dile değişen artsesbilimsel dağıtıma göre farklı dillerde bazı rotiklerin [r], bazılarının [ʀ] ve bazılarının da [ʃ] olarak gerçekleşmesi mümkündür ve bunların bütünüyle nedensiz olduğu belirtilmektedir. Bu varsayım, sesbilimsel nesnelerin kendileriyle ilişkilendirilmiş herhangi bir sesbilgisel varlığa sahip olmadıklarını öne süren varlıksız sesbilim ile aynı çizgidedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
artsesbilimsel dağıtım rotik varlıksız sesbilim sesbilim-sesbilgisi arakesiti post-phonological spell-out rhotic substance-free phonology phonology-phonetics interface
Kaynakça
- A petition. (1939). American Speech, 14(3), 206–208.
- Azevedo, M. M. (1981). A contrastive phonology of Portuguese and English. Georgetown University Press.
- Blaho, S. (2008). The syntax of phonology: A radically subtance-free approach [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. University of Tromsø.
- Boyce, S. E., Hamilton, S. M. ve Rivera-Campos, A. (2016). Acquiring rhoticity across languages: An ultrasound study of differentiating tongue movements. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 30(3-5), 174–201.
- Börtlü, G. (2020). The vowel triangle of Turkish and phonological processes of laxing and fronting in Turkish [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
- Câmara, J. M. (1972). The Portuguese language. University of Chicago Press.
- Capell, A. ve Hinch, H. E. (1970). Maung grammar: Texts and vocabulary. Mouton.
- Chabot, A. (2019). What’s wrong with being a rhotic? Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 4(1), Article 38, 1–24.
- Dell, F. ve Elmedlaoui, M. (2002). Syllables in Tashlhiyt Berber and in Moroccan Arabic. Springer Netherlands.
- Dixon, R. M. W. (1980). The languages of Australia. Cambridge University Press.
- Downing, L. J. (2001). Liquid spirantisation in Jita. Malilime: Malawian Journal of Linguistics, (2), 1–27.
- Dunstan, E. (1969). Twelve Nigerian languages. Africana Publication Corporation.
- Ergenç, İ. ve Uzun, İ. P. (2020). Türkçenin ses dizgesi (2. Baskı). Seçkin Yayınları.
- Fodor, J. (1968). The modularity of the mind. MIT-Bradford.
- Gussmann, E. (2007). The phonology of Polish. Oxford University Press.
- Haden, E. F. (1955). The uvular r in French. Language, 31(4), 504–510.
- Hall, T. A. (1992). Syllable final clusters and schwa epenthesis in German. P. Eisenberg, K.-H. Ramers ve H. Vater (Yay. haz.), Silbenphonologie des Deutschen içinde (ss. 208–245). Narr.
- Hall, T. A. (1997). The phonology of coronals. John Benjamins.
- Howard, L. (1967). Camsa phonology. V. G. Waterhouse (Yay. haz.), Phonemic systems of Colombian languages içinde (ss. 73–87). Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- Iverson, G. K. ve Sohn, H. S. (1994). Liquid representation in Korean. Y.-K. Kim-Renaud (Yay. haz.), Theoretical issues in Korean linguistics içinde (ss. 77–100). Center for the Study of Language and Information.
- Jaworski, S. ve Gillian, E. (2011). On the phonetic instability of the Polish rhotic /r/. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 47(2), 380–398.
- Kaye, J. (2006). GP, I'll have to put your flat feet on the ground. H. Broekhuis, N. Corver, R. Huybregts, U. Kleinhenz ve J. Koster (Yay. haz.), Organizing grammar: Studies in honor of Henk van Riemsdijk içinde (ss. 283–288). De Gruyter Mouton.
- Kornfilt, J. (1997). Turkish. Routledge.
- Ladefoged, P. (2005). A course in phonetics (5. Baskı). Harcourt.
- Ladefoged, P. ve Maddieson, I. (1996). The sounds of the world’s languages. Blackwell.
- Lahrouchi, M. (2020). Not as you R: Adapting the French rhotic into Berber. Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 5(1), Article 74, 1–17.
- Lindau, M. (1978). Vowel features. Language, 54(3), 541–563.
- Lindau, M. (1985). The story of /r/. V. Fromkin (Yay. haz.), Phonetic linguistics: Essays in honour of Peter Ladefoged içinde (ss. 157–168). Academic Press.
- Maddieson, I. (1984). Patterns of sounds. Cambridge University Press.
- Majidi, M. R. (1986). Strukturelle Grammatik des Neupersischen (Farsi). Volume 1: Phonologie. Eine paradigmatisch-syntagmatische Darstellung. Buske.
- Nevins, A. (2008). Review of A lateral theory of phonology: What is CVCV and why should it be by Tobias Scheer. Lingua, 118(3), 425–434.
- Nichols, S. (2016, Mayıs). An acoustic study of the Turkish rhotic. ’R-atics5 Konferansında sunulan poster, Leeuwarden, Hollanda.
- Proctor, M. I. (2009). Gestural characterization of a phonological class: The liquids [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Yale University, New Haven, CT.
- Rose, Y. ve Wauquier-Gravelines, S. (2007). French speech acquisition. S. McLeod (Yay. haz.), The international guide to speech acquisition içinde. Delmar Cengage Learning.
- Samuels, B. D. (2011). Phonological architecture: A biolinguistic approach. Oxford University Press.
- Scheer, T. (2011). A guide to morphosyntax-phonology interface theories. How extra-phonological information is treated in phonology since Trubetzkoy’s Grenzsignale. Mouton de Gruyter.
- Scheer, T. (2014). Spell-out, post-phonological. E. Cyran ve J. Szpyra-Kozłowska (Yay. haz.), Crossing phonetics-phonology lines içinde (ss. 255–275). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Scheer, T. (2019). Phonetic arbitrariness: A cartography. Phonological Studies, 22, 105–118.
- Scobbie, J. M. (2006). (R) as a variable. K. Brown (Yay. haz.), Encyclopedia of language & linguistics, Second Edition içinde (ss. 337–344). Elsevier.
- Scobbie, J. M. ve Sebregts, K. (2010). Acoustic, articulatory and phonological perspectives on allophonic variation of /r/. R. Folli ve C. Ulbrich (Yay. haz.), Interfaces in linguistics: New research perspectives içinde (ss. 131–169). Oxford University Press.
- Sebregts, K. (2014). The sociophonetics and phonology of Dutch r [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Utrecht University, Utrecht.
- Selen, N. (1979). Söyleyiş sesbilimi, akustik sesbilim ve Türkiye Türkçesi. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları.
- Selkirk, E. (1984). On the major class features and syllable theory. M. Aronoff ve R. T. Oehrle (Yay. haz.), Language sound structure (ss. 107–136) içinde. MIT Press.
- Taylan, E. E. (2015). The phonology and morphology of Turkish. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
- Volenec, V. ve Reiss, C. (2017). Cognitive phonetics: The transduction of distinctive features at the phonology–phonetics interface. Biolinguistics, 11, 257–294.
- Walsh Dickey, L. (1997). The phonology of liquids [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA.
- Wiese, R. (2000). The phonology of German. Oxford University Press.
- Wiese, R. (2001). The phonology of /r/. T. A. Hall (Yay. haz.), Distinctive feature theory içinde (ss. 335–368). Walter de Gruyter.
- Wiese, R. (2011). The representation of rhotics. M. van Oostendorp, E. Ewen, C. J. Hume ve K. Rice (Yay. haz.), The Blackwell companion to phonology içinde (ss. 711–729). Blackwell.
- Yavuz, H. (2011). Turkish consonants. Z. Balpınar (Yay. haz.), Turkish phonology and morphology (Türkçe ses ve biçim bilgisi) içinde (ss. 14–30). Anadolu Üniversitesi.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Dil Çalışmaları |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2 |
Bu eser
Dergi DOI:10.18492/dad