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Research Article
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Relationship between Bilingual Experience and Cognitive Control of Bilingual Children

Year 2024, Volume: 35 Issue: 2, 197 - 222, 24.12.2024

Xiaowei Gong , Asli Aktan-erciyes , Dilay Z. Karadöller

https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1463075

Abstract

There has been growing interest in how different dimensions of bilingual experience relate to cognitive abilities within the bilingual group. However, this interest rarely targeted data from young bilingual children who lack sufficient language production. The current study includes a variety of bilingual experience-related factors, such as language proficiency, language use, and code-switching frequency, to investigate 30- to 48-month-old bilingual children as well as their parents. Results showed that children’s age, rather than any of the bilingual-experience-related variables from neither children nor parents, predicted children’s cognitive control abilities. This study is one of the few that looked at the bilingual effects by including three bilingual-experience-related dimensions as well as parental factors. The implications of applying the bilingual experience dimension-based approach and including environmental factors while studying young bilingual age groups with limited language production were discussed.

Keywords

bilingual experience-related variables cognitive control abilities environmental factors code-switching frequency young bilingual speakers

Ethical Statement

Middle East Technical University Human Subjects Ethics Committee approval dated 13/09/2022 and numbered 0469-METUİAEK-2022 was obtained. Participants were informed about the research and informed consent was obtained from the participants.

Supporting Institution

NA

References

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  • Kang, C., & Lust, B. (2019). Code-switching does not predict Executive Function performance in proficient bilingual children: Bilingualism does. Bilingualism, 22(2), 366–382. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728918000299
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İkidillilik Deneyimi ve Çocukların Bilişsel Kontrolü İlişkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 35 Issue: 2, 197 - 222, 24.12.2024

Xiaowei Gong , Asli Aktan-erciyes , Dilay Z. Karadöller

https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1463075

Abstract

İkidilli kişilerin çeşitli bilişsel yetileri ile İkidillilik deneyiminin farklı boyutları arasında nasıl ilişkili olduğuna dair giderek artan bir ilgi bulunmaktadır. Ancak, bu ilginin yeterli dil gelişimi olmayan küçük yaştaki ikidilli çocuklardan veri elde etme konusunda sınırlı kaldığı görülmüştür. Mevcut çalışma, 30-48 aylık ikidilli çocukların ve ebeveynlerinin dil yeterliği, dil kullanımı, ve kod değiştirme sıklığı gibi çeşitli ikidillilik deneyimine dair faktörleri incelemektedir. Sonuçlar, çocukların bilişsel kontrol yeteneklerini, çocuklardan veya ebeveynlerden gelen ikidilli deneyim değişkenlerinden ziyade, çocukların yaşının yordadığını göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, üçlü ikidillilik deneyimi boyutlarını ve ebeveyn faktörlerini de içererek ikidilliliğin etkileri inceleyen az sayıdaki çalışmadan biridir. Sınırlı dil üretimine sahip küçük yaştaki ikidilli çocuklar incelenirken, ikidilli deneyimin getirdiği tüm boyutları içeren bir yaklaşım uygulamanın ve çevresel faktörleri dahil etmenin alanyazın özelindeki çıkarımları tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

iki dilli deneyimle ilgili değişkenler bilişsel kontrol yetenekleri çevresel faktörler kod değiştirme sıklığı genç iki dilli konuşmacılar

References

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  • Bialystok E. (2017). The Bilingual Adaptation: How Minds Accommodate Experience. Psychological bulletin, 143(3), 233–262. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000099
  • Bialystok, E., & Craik, F.I. (2022). How does bilingualism modify cognitive function? Attention to the mechanism. Psychonomic bulletin & review. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-022-02057-5
  • Bialystok, E., & Shorbagi, S. H. (2021). Subtle Increments in Socioeconomic Status and Bilingualism Jointly Affect Children’s Verbal and Nonverbal Performance. Journal of Cognition and Development, 22(3), 467–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2021.1901711
  • Branum-Martin, L., Mehta, P. D., Carlson, C. D., Francis, D. J., & Goldenberg, C. (2014). The nature of Spanish versus English language use at home. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106(1), 181–199. doi:10.1037/a0033931
  • Cenoz, J. (2013). Defining multilingualism. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 33, 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026719051300007X
  • Comishen, K. J., Bialystok, E., & Adler, S. A. (2019). The impact of bilingual environments on selective attention in infancy. Developmental Science, 22(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12797
  • Costa, A., Miozzo, M., & Caramazza, A. (1999). Lexical selection in bilinguals: Do words in the bilingual’s two lexicons compete for selection? Journal of Memory and Language, 41, 365-397.
  • Costa, A., Hernández, M., Costa-Faidella, J., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2009). On the bilingual advantage in conflict processing: Now you see it, now you don’t. Cognition, 113(2), 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.08.001
  • Crystal, D. (2003). English as a global language (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • De Cat, C., Gusnanto, A., & Serratrice, L. (2018). Identifying a threshold for the executive function advantage in bilingual children. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. 40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263116000486.
  • Diamond, A., & Ling, D. S. (2016). Conclusions about interventions, programs, and approaches for improving executive functions that appear justified and those that, despite much hype, do not. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.11.005
  • Dijkstra, T., van Heuven, W. J. B., & Grainger, J. (1998). Simulating cross-language competition with the bilingual interactive activation model. Psychologica Belgica, 38(3-4), 177–196.
  • Dijkstra T., & van Heuven W.J. B. (2002) The architecture of the bilingual word recognition system: From identification to decision. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 5(3):175-197. doi:10.1017/S1366728902003012
  • Giguere, D., Dickson, D. J., Tulloch, M. K., & Hoff, E. (2022). Majority language skill, not measures of bilingualism, predicts executive attention in bilingual children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 213(January), 105256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105256
  • Green, D. W. (1998). Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 67-81.
  • Green, D. W., & Abutalebi, J. (2013). Language control in bilinguals: The adaptive control hypothesis. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25(5), 515–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2013.796377
  • Gunnerud, H. L., Ten Braak, D., Reikerås, E. K. L., Donolato, E., & Melby-Lervåg, M. (2020). Is bilingualism related to a cognitive advantage in children? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 146(12), 1059–1083. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000301
  • Hartanto, A., & Yang, H. (2016). Disparate bilingual experiences modulate task-switching advantages: A diffusion-model analysis of the effects of interactional context on switch costs. Cognition, 150, 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.01.016
  • Hoff, E., & Core, C. (2013). Input and language development in bilingually developing children. Seminars in Speech and Language, 34(4), 215–226. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1353448
  • Iluz-Cohen, P., & Armon-Lotem, S. (2013). Language proficiency and executive control in bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(4), 884–899.
  • Kałamała, P., Szewczyk, J., Chuderski, A., Senderecka, M., & Wodniecka, Z. (2020). Patterns of bilingual language use and response inhibition: A test of the adaptive control hypothesis. Cognition, 204, 104373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104373
  • Kałamała, P., Chuderski, A., Szewczyk, J. M., Senderecka, M., & Wodniecka, Z. (2023). Bilingualism caught in a net. A new approach to understanding the complexity of bilingual experience. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 152(1), 157–174. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001263
  • Kang, C., & Lust, B. (2019). Code-switching does not predict Executive Function performance in proficient bilingual children: Bilingualism does. Bilingualism, 22(2), 366–382. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728918000299
  • Kheder, S., & Kaan, E. (2021). Cognitive control in bilinguals: Proficiency and code-switching both matter. Cognition, 209, 104575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104575
  • Konda Araştırma ve Danışmanlık. (2006). Toplumsal yapı araştırması 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20170215004933/http://www.konda.com.tr/tr/raporlar/2006_09_KONDA_Toplumsal_Yapi.pdf
  • Kootstra, G. J., Dijkstra, T., & Van Hell, J. G. (2020). Interactive Alignment and Lexical Triggering of Code-Switching in Bilingual Dialogue. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 539420. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01747
  • Kovács, Á. M., & Mehler, J. (2009a). Flexible learning of multiple speech structures in bilingual infants. Science, 325(5940), 611–612. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1173947
  • Kovács, Á. M., & Mehler, J. (2009b). Cognitive gains in 7-month-old bilingual infants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(16), 6556–6560. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811323106
  • Kremin, L. V., Alves, J., Orena, A. J., Polka, L., & Byers-Heinlein, K. (2022). Code-switching in parents’ everyday speech to bilingual infants. Journal of child language, 49(4), 714–740. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000921000118
  • Kroll, J. F., Bobb, S. C., & Hoshino, N. (2014). Two languages in mind: Bilingualism as a tool to investigate language, cognition, and the brain. Current directions in psychological science, 23(3), 159–163. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414528511
  • Kuzyk, O., Friend, M., Severdija, V., Zesiger, P., & Poulin-Dubois, D. (2020). Are there Cognitive Benefits of Code-switching in Bilingual Children? A longitudinal study. Bilingualism (Cambridge, England), 23(3), 542–553. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918001207
  • Lowe, C. J., Cho, I., Goldsmith, S. F., & Morton, J. B. (2021). The Bilingual Advantage in Children’s Executive Functioning Is Not Related to Language Status: A Meta-Analytic Review. Psychological Science, 32(7), 1115–1146. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797621993108
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Child Language Acquisition
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Xiaowei Gong 0009-0008-5144-3860

Asli Aktan-erciyes 0000-0002-6531-6140

Dilay Z. Karadöller 0000-0001-5160-7679

Publication Date December 24, 2024
Submission Date April 2, 2024
Acceptance Date July 13, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 35 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gong, X., Aktan-erciyes, A., & Karadöller, D. Z. (2024). Relationship between Bilingual Experience and Cognitive Control of Bilingual Children. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 35(2), 197-222. https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1463075

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Journal DOI: 10.18492/dad