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Relationship between Bilingual Experience and Cognitive Control of Bilingual Children

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 197 - 222, 24.12.2024

Xiaowei Gong , Asli Aktan-erciyes , Dilay Z. Karadöller

https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1463075

Öz

There has been growing interest in how different dimensions of bilingual experience relate to cognitive abilities within the bilingual group. However, this interest rarely targeted data from young bilingual children who lack sufficient language production. The current study includes a variety of bilingual experience-related factors, such as language proficiency, language use, and code-switching frequency, to investigate 30- to 48-month-old bilingual children as well as their parents. Results showed that children’s age, rather than any of the bilingual-experience-related variables from neither children nor parents, predicted children’s cognitive control abilities. This study is one of the few that looked at the bilingual effects by including three bilingual-experience-related dimensions as well as parental factors. The implications of applying the bilingual experience dimension-based approach and including environmental factors while studying young bilingual age groups with limited language production were discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bilingual experience-related variables cognitive control abilities environmental factors code-switching frequency young bilingual speakers

Etik Beyan

Middle East Technical University Human Subjects Ethics Committee approval dated 13/09/2022 and numbered 0469-METUİAEK-2022 was obtained. Participants were informed about the research and informed consent was obtained from the participants.

Destekleyen Kurum

NA

Kaynakça

  • Abutalebi, J., & Green, D. (2007). Bilingual language production: The neurocognition of language representation and control. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 20(3), 242–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2006.10.003
  • Bialystok E. (2017). The Bilingual Adaptation: How Minds Accommodate Experience. Psychological bulletin, 143(3), 233–262. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000099
  • Bialystok, E., & Craik, F.I. (2022). How does bilingualism modify cognitive function? Attention to the mechanism. Psychonomic bulletin & review. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-022-02057-5
  • Bialystok, E., & Shorbagi, S. H. (2021). Subtle Increments in Socioeconomic Status and Bilingualism Jointly Affect Children’s Verbal and Nonverbal Performance. Journal of Cognition and Development, 22(3), 467–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2021.1901711
  • Branum-Martin, L., Mehta, P. D., Carlson, C. D., Francis, D. J., & Goldenberg, C. (2014). The nature of Spanish versus English language use at home. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106(1), 181–199. doi:10.1037/a0033931
  • Cenoz, J. (2013). Defining multilingualism. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 33, 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026719051300007X
  • Comishen, K. J., Bialystok, E., & Adler, S. A. (2019). The impact of bilingual environments on selective attention in infancy. Developmental Science, 22(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12797
  • Costa, A., Miozzo, M., & Caramazza, A. (1999). Lexical selection in bilinguals: Do words in the bilingual’s two lexicons compete for selection? Journal of Memory and Language, 41, 365-397.
  • Costa, A., Hernández, M., Costa-Faidella, J., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2009). On the bilingual advantage in conflict processing: Now you see it, now you don’t. Cognition, 113(2), 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.08.001
  • Crystal, D. (2003). English as a global language (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • De Cat, C., Gusnanto, A., & Serratrice, L. (2018). Identifying a threshold for the executive function advantage in bilingual children. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. 40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263116000486.
  • Diamond, A., & Ling, D. S. (2016). Conclusions about interventions, programs, and approaches for improving executive functions that appear justified and those that, despite much hype, do not. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.11.005
  • Dijkstra, T., van Heuven, W. J. B., & Grainger, J. (1998). Simulating cross-language competition with the bilingual interactive activation model. Psychologica Belgica, 38(3-4), 177–196.
  • Dijkstra T., & van Heuven W.J. B. (2002) The architecture of the bilingual word recognition system: From identification to decision. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 5(3):175-197. doi:10.1017/S1366728902003012
  • Giguere, D., Dickson, D. J., Tulloch, M. K., & Hoff, E. (2022). Majority language skill, not measures of bilingualism, predicts executive attention in bilingual children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 213(January), 105256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105256
  • Green, D. W. (1998). Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 67-81.
  • Green, D. W., & Abutalebi, J. (2013). Language control in bilinguals: The adaptive control hypothesis. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25(5), 515–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2013.796377
  • Gunnerud, H. L., Ten Braak, D., Reikerås, E. K. L., Donolato, E., & Melby-Lervåg, M. (2020). Is bilingualism related to a cognitive advantage in children? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 146(12), 1059–1083. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000301
  • Hartanto, A., & Yang, H. (2016). Disparate bilingual experiences modulate task-switching advantages: A diffusion-model analysis of the effects of interactional context on switch costs. Cognition, 150, 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.01.016
  • Hoff, E., & Core, C. (2013). Input and language development in bilingually developing children. Seminars in Speech and Language, 34(4), 215–226. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1353448
  • Iluz-Cohen, P., & Armon-Lotem, S. (2013). Language proficiency and executive control in bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(4), 884–899.
  • Kałamała, P., Szewczyk, J., Chuderski, A., Senderecka, M., & Wodniecka, Z. (2020). Patterns of bilingual language use and response inhibition: A test of the adaptive control hypothesis. Cognition, 204, 104373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104373
  • Kałamała, P., Chuderski, A., Szewczyk, J. M., Senderecka, M., & Wodniecka, Z. (2023). Bilingualism caught in a net. A new approach to understanding the complexity of bilingual experience. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 152(1), 157–174. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001263
  • Kang, C., & Lust, B. (2019). Code-switching does not predict Executive Function performance in proficient bilingual children: Bilingualism does. Bilingualism, 22(2), 366–382. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728918000299
  • Kheder, S., & Kaan, E. (2021). Cognitive control in bilinguals: Proficiency and code-switching both matter. Cognition, 209, 104575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104575
  • Konda Araştırma ve Danışmanlık. (2006). Toplumsal yapı araştırması 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20170215004933/http://www.konda.com.tr/tr/raporlar/2006_09_KONDA_Toplumsal_Yapi.pdf
  • Kootstra, G. J., Dijkstra, T., & Van Hell, J. G. (2020). Interactive Alignment and Lexical Triggering of Code-Switching in Bilingual Dialogue. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 539420. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01747
  • Kovács, Á. M., & Mehler, J. (2009a). Flexible learning of multiple speech structures in bilingual infants. Science, 325(5940), 611–612. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1173947
  • Kovács, Á. M., & Mehler, J. (2009b). Cognitive gains in 7-month-old bilingual infants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(16), 6556–6560. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811323106
  • Kremin, L. V., Alves, J., Orena, A. J., Polka, L., & Byers-Heinlein, K. (2022). Code-switching in parents’ everyday speech to bilingual infants. Journal of child language, 49(4), 714–740. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000921000118
  • Kroll, J. F., Bobb, S. C., & Hoshino, N. (2014). Two languages in mind: Bilingualism as a tool to investigate language, cognition, and the brain. Current directions in psychological science, 23(3), 159–163. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414528511
  • Kuzyk, O., Friend, M., Severdija, V., Zesiger, P., & Poulin-Dubois, D. (2020). Are there Cognitive Benefits of Code-switching in Bilingual Children? A longitudinal study. Bilingualism (Cambridge, England), 23(3), 542–553. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918001207
  • Lowe, C. J., Cho, I., Goldsmith, S. F., & Morton, J. B. (2021). The Bilingual Advantage in Children’s Executive Functioning Is Not Related to Language Status: A Meta-Analytic Review. Psychological Science, 32(7), 1115–1146. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797621993108
  • Luk, G., & Bialystok, E. (2013). Bilingualism is not a categorical variable: Interaction between language proficiency and usage. Journal of cognitive psychology (Hove, England), 25(5), 605–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2013.795574
  • Luk, G., & Grundy, J. G. (2023). The Importance of Recognizing Social Contexts in Research on Bilingualism. Bilingualism. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728922000177
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  • Paap, K., Myuz, H., & Sawi, O. (2015). Bilingual advantages in executive functioning either do not exist or are restricted to very specific and undetermined circumstances. Cortex, 69, 265-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.04.014
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İkidillilik Deneyimi ve Çocukların Bilişsel Kontrolü İlişkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 197 - 222, 24.12.2024

Xiaowei Gong , Asli Aktan-erciyes , Dilay Z. Karadöller

https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1463075

Öz

İkidilli kişilerin çeşitli bilişsel yetileri ile İkidillilik deneyiminin farklı boyutları arasında nasıl ilişkili olduğuna dair giderek artan bir ilgi bulunmaktadır. Ancak, bu ilginin yeterli dil gelişimi olmayan küçük yaştaki ikidilli çocuklardan veri elde etme konusunda sınırlı kaldığı görülmüştür. Mevcut çalışma, 30-48 aylık ikidilli çocukların ve ebeveynlerinin dil yeterliği, dil kullanımı, ve kod değiştirme sıklığı gibi çeşitli ikidillilik deneyimine dair faktörleri incelemektedir. Sonuçlar, çocukların bilişsel kontrol yeteneklerini, çocuklardan veya ebeveynlerden gelen ikidilli deneyim değişkenlerinden ziyade, çocukların yaşının yordadığını göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, üçlü ikidillilik deneyimi boyutlarını ve ebeveyn faktörlerini de içererek ikidilliliğin etkileri inceleyen az sayıdaki çalışmadan biridir. Sınırlı dil üretimine sahip küçük yaştaki ikidilli çocuklar incelenirken, ikidilli deneyimin getirdiği tüm boyutları içeren bir yaklaşım uygulamanın ve çevresel faktörleri dahil etmenin alanyazın özelindeki çıkarımları tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

iki dilli deneyimle ilgili değişkenler bilişsel kontrol yetenekleri çevresel faktörler kod değiştirme sıklığı genç iki dilli konuşmacılar

Kaynakça

  • Abutalebi, J., & Green, D. (2007). Bilingual language production: The neurocognition of language representation and control. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 20(3), 242–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2006.10.003
  • Bialystok E. (2017). The Bilingual Adaptation: How Minds Accommodate Experience. Psychological bulletin, 143(3), 233–262. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000099
  • Bialystok, E., & Craik, F.I. (2022). How does bilingualism modify cognitive function? Attention to the mechanism. Psychonomic bulletin & review. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-022-02057-5
  • Bialystok, E., & Shorbagi, S. H. (2021). Subtle Increments in Socioeconomic Status and Bilingualism Jointly Affect Children’s Verbal and Nonverbal Performance. Journal of Cognition and Development, 22(3), 467–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2021.1901711
  • Branum-Martin, L., Mehta, P. D., Carlson, C. D., Francis, D. J., & Goldenberg, C. (2014). The nature of Spanish versus English language use at home. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106(1), 181–199. doi:10.1037/a0033931
  • Cenoz, J. (2013). Defining multilingualism. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 33, 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026719051300007X
  • Comishen, K. J., Bialystok, E., & Adler, S. A. (2019). The impact of bilingual environments on selective attention in infancy. Developmental Science, 22(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12797
  • Costa, A., Miozzo, M., & Caramazza, A. (1999). Lexical selection in bilinguals: Do words in the bilingual’s two lexicons compete for selection? Journal of Memory and Language, 41, 365-397.
  • Costa, A., Hernández, M., Costa-Faidella, J., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2009). On the bilingual advantage in conflict processing: Now you see it, now you don’t. Cognition, 113(2), 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.08.001
  • Crystal, D. (2003). English as a global language (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • De Cat, C., Gusnanto, A., & Serratrice, L. (2018). Identifying a threshold for the executive function advantage in bilingual children. Studies in Second Language Acquisition. 40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263116000486.
  • Diamond, A., & Ling, D. S. (2016). Conclusions about interventions, programs, and approaches for improving executive functions that appear justified and those that, despite much hype, do not. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.11.005
  • Dijkstra, T., van Heuven, W. J. B., & Grainger, J. (1998). Simulating cross-language competition with the bilingual interactive activation model. Psychologica Belgica, 38(3-4), 177–196.
  • Dijkstra T., & van Heuven W.J. B. (2002) The architecture of the bilingual word recognition system: From identification to decision. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 5(3):175-197. doi:10.1017/S1366728902003012
  • Giguere, D., Dickson, D. J., Tulloch, M. K., & Hoff, E. (2022). Majority language skill, not measures of bilingualism, predicts executive attention in bilingual children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 213(January), 105256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105256
  • Green, D. W. (1998). Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 67-81.
  • Green, D. W., & Abutalebi, J. (2013). Language control in bilinguals: The adaptive control hypothesis. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25(5), 515–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2013.796377
  • Gunnerud, H. L., Ten Braak, D., Reikerås, E. K. L., Donolato, E., & Melby-Lervåg, M. (2020). Is bilingualism related to a cognitive advantage in children? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 146(12), 1059–1083. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000301
  • Hartanto, A., & Yang, H. (2016). Disparate bilingual experiences modulate task-switching advantages: A diffusion-model analysis of the effects of interactional context on switch costs. Cognition, 150, 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.01.016
  • Hoff, E., & Core, C. (2013). Input and language development in bilingually developing children. Seminars in Speech and Language, 34(4), 215–226. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1353448
  • Iluz-Cohen, P., & Armon-Lotem, S. (2013). Language proficiency and executive control in bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(4), 884–899.
  • Kałamała, P., Szewczyk, J., Chuderski, A., Senderecka, M., & Wodniecka, Z. (2020). Patterns of bilingual language use and response inhibition: A test of the adaptive control hypothesis. Cognition, 204, 104373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104373
  • Kałamała, P., Chuderski, A., Szewczyk, J. M., Senderecka, M., & Wodniecka, Z. (2023). Bilingualism caught in a net. A new approach to understanding the complexity of bilingual experience. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 152(1), 157–174. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001263
  • Kang, C., & Lust, B. (2019). Code-switching does not predict Executive Function performance in proficient bilingual children: Bilingualism does. Bilingualism, 22(2), 366–382. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728918000299
  • Kheder, S., & Kaan, E. (2021). Cognitive control in bilinguals: Proficiency and code-switching both matter. Cognition, 209, 104575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104575
  • Konda Araştırma ve Danışmanlık. (2006). Toplumsal yapı araştırması 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20170215004933/http://www.konda.com.tr/tr/raporlar/2006_09_KONDA_Toplumsal_Yapi.pdf
  • Kootstra, G. J., Dijkstra, T., & Van Hell, J. G. (2020). Interactive Alignment and Lexical Triggering of Code-Switching in Bilingual Dialogue. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 539420. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01747
  • Kovács, Á. M., & Mehler, J. (2009a). Flexible learning of multiple speech structures in bilingual infants. Science, 325(5940), 611–612. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1173947
  • Kovács, Á. M., & Mehler, J. (2009b). Cognitive gains in 7-month-old bilingual infants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(16), 6556–6560. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811323106
  • Kremin, L. V., Alves, J., Orena, A. J., Polka, L., & Byers-Heinlein, K. (2022). Code-switching in parents’ everyday speech to bilingual infants. Journal of child language, 49(4), 714–740. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000921000118
  • Kroll, J. F., Bobb, S. C., & Hoshino, N. (2014). Two languages in mind: Bilingualism as a tool to investigate language, cognition, and the brain. Current directions in psychological science, 23(3), 159–163. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414528511
  • Kuzyk, O., Friend, M., Severdija, V., Zesiger, P., & Poulin-Dubois, D. (2020). Are there Cognitive Benefits of Code-switching in Bilingual Children? A longitudinal study. Bilingualism (Cambridge, England), 23(3), 542–553. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918001207
  • Lowe, C. J., Cho, I., Goldsmith, S. F., & Morton, J. B. (2021). The Bilingual Advantage in Children’s Executive Functioning Is Not Related to Language Status: A Meta-Analytic Review. Psychological Science, 32(7), 1115–1146. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797621993108
  • Luk, G., & Bialystok, E. (2013). Bilingualism is not a categorical variable: Interaction between language proficiency and usage. Journal of cognitive psychology (Hove, England), 25(5), 605–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2013.795574
  • Luk, G., & Grundy, J. G. (2023). The Importance of Recognizing Social Contexts in Research on Bilingualism. Bilingualism. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728922000177
  • Marian, V., & Hayakawa, S. (2021). Measuring bilingualism: The quest for a bilingualism quotient. Applied Psycholinguistics, 42(2), 527–548. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716420000533
  • Martin-Rhee, M. M., & Bialystok, E. (2008). The development of two types of inhibitory control in monolingual and bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 11(1), 81-93. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728907003227
  • Mulder, H., Hoofs, H., Verhagen, J., van der Veen, I., & Leseman, P. P. M. (2014). Psychometric properties and convergent validity of an executive function test battery for 2-year-olds using item response theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 733. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00733
  • Paap, K., Myuz, H., & Sawi, O. (2015). Bilingual advantages in executive functioning either do not exist or are restricted to very specific and undetermined circumstances. Cortex, 69, 265-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.04.014
  • Philipp, A. M., & Koch, I. (2009). Inhibition in language switching: what is inhibited when switching between languages in naming tasks? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 35(5), 1187-1195. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016376
  • Poulin-Dubois, D., Blaye, A., Coutya, J., & Bialystok, E. (2011). The effects of bilingualism on toddlers’ executive functioning. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108(3), 567–579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2010.10.009
  • Poulin-Dubois, D., Neumann, C., Masoud, S., & Gazith, A. (2022). Effect of bilingualism on infants’ cognitive flexibility. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728921000912.
  • Ramírez-Esparza, N., García-Sierra, A., & Kuhl, P. K. (2014). Look who's talking: Speech style and social context in language input to infants are linked to concurrent and future speech development. Developmental Science, 17(6), 880-891. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12172
  • Ribot, K. M., & Hoff, E. (2014). “¿ Cómo estas?” “I’m good.” Conversational code-switching is related to profiles of expressive and receptive proficiency in Spanish-English bilingual toddlers. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 38, 333–341. doi:10.1177/0165025414533225
  • Singh, L., Fu, C. S. L., Rahman, A. A., Hameed, W. B., Sanmugam, S., Agarwal, P., Jiang, B., Chong, Y. S., Meaney, M. J., & Rifkin-Graboi, A. (2015). Back to Basics: A Bilingual Advantage in Infant Visual Habituation. Child Development, 86(1), 294–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12271
  • Smolak, E., de Anda, S., Enriquez, B., Poulin-Dubois, D., & Friend, M. (2020). Code-switching in young bilingual toddlers: A longitudinal, cross-language investigation. Bilingualism (Cambridge, England), 23(3), 500–518. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000257
  • Soveri, A., & Laine, M. (2011). Is There a Relationship between Language Switching and Executive Functions in Bilingualism? Introducing a within-group Analysis Approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 10197. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00183
  • Sulpizio, S., Del Maschio, N., Del Mauro, G., Fedeli, D., & Abutalebi, J. (2020). Bilingualism as a gradient measure modulates functional connectivity of language and control networks. NeuroImage, 205, 116306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116306
  • Surrain, S., & Luk, G. (2019). Describing bilinguals: A systematic review of labels and descriptions used in the literature between 2005-2015. Bilingualism, 22(2), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728917000682
  • Timmermeister, M., Leseman, P., Wijnen, F., & Blom, E. (2020). No Bilingual Benefits Despite Relations Between Language Switching and Task Switching. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 1832. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01832
  • Treffers-Daller, J., Ongun, Z., Hofweber, J., & Korenar, M. (2020). Explaining Individual Differences in Executive Functions Performance in Multilinguals: The Impact of Code-Switching and Alternating Between Multicultural Identity Styles. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(October). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.561088
  • UNESCO, & UNICEF. (2020). Approaches to language in education for migrants and refugees in the Asia-Pacific Region [Policy report]. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373660
  • Unsworth, S. (2013). Assessing the role of current and cumulative exposure in simultaneous bilingual acquisition: The case of Dutch gender. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16, 86-110.
  • van den Noort, M., Struys, E., Bosch, P., Jaswetz, L., Perriard, B., Yeo, S., Barisch, P., Vermeire, K., Lee, S-H., & Lim, S. (2019). Does the Bilingual Advantage in Cognitive Control Exist and If So, What Are Its Modulating Factors? A Systematic Review. Behavioral Sciences, 9(3):27. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9030027
  • Verhagen, J., Mulder, H., & Leseman, P. P. M. (2017). Effects of home language environment on inhibitory control in bilingual three-year-old children. Bilingualism, 20(1), 114–127. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728915000590
  • Verhagen, J., de Bree, E., & Unsworth, S. (2020). Effects of Bilingual Language Use and Language Proficiency on 24-month-olds’ Cognitive Control. Journal of Cognition and Development, 21(1), 46–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2019.1673752
  • Werker, J. F., & Byers-Heinlein, K. (2008). Bilingualism in infancy: first steps in perception and comprehension. Trends in cognitive sciences, 12(4), 144–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2008.01.008
  • Yang, H., Hartanto, A., & Yang, S. (2016). The importance of bilingual experience in assessing bilingual advantages in executive functions. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior, 75, 237–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.018
  • Yow, W. Q., & Li, X. (2015). Balanced bilingualism and early age of second language acquisition as the underlying mechanisms of a bilingual executive control advantage: Why variations in bilingual experiences matter. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(FEB), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00164
  • Zelazo, P. D., Anderson, J. E., Richler, J., Wallner-Allen, K., Beaumont, J. L., & Weintraub, S. (2013). II. NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB): measuring executive function and attention. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(4), 16–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12032
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çocuğun Dil Edinimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Xiaowei Gong 0009-0008-5144-3860

Asli Aktan-erciyes 0000-0002-6531-6140

Dilay Z. Karadöller 0000-0001-5160-7679

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Nisan 2024
Kabul Tarihi 13 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gong, X., Aktan-erciyes, A., & Karadöller, D. Z. (2024). Relationship between Bilingual Experience and Cognitive Control of Bilingual Children. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 35(2), 197-222. https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1463075

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Dergi DOI:10.18492/dad