Dilsel Çeşitliliğin Sınırları: Türkçenin Azrak Dil Özellikleri

Çağrı Akkuş; Özge Can

doi:10.18492/dad.1525206

EN TR

The Fringes of Linguistic Variety: The Rare Features of Turkish

Abstract

The effort to understand the universal features of language often brings linguistic typology studies, which develop by identifying common structural features among languages, to the forefront. These studies focus on the general features of languages while features that fall outside of generalizations, in other words, those that are less frequently seen in languages, are labeled as exceptions to generalizations. However, features that are considered exceptions to the generalizations have a vital role in revealing the limits of linguistic variety. In this study, the features that are exceptions to the generalizations, categorized by the the terms rara, rarissima, infrequent and unique, are gathered under the title of ‘rare linguistic features’. World Atlas of Language Structures online database was used to determine the rare language features Turkish has compared to the world languages and to categorize the resulting features based on Cysouw’s (2011) threshold of ≤7.2%. According to the data obtained, three rare infrequent features were determined in Turkish: the simultaneous presence of high front rounded vowel /y/ and middle front rounded /ø/ phonemes in the inventory (%4), evidentiality being a part of the tense system (%5.7) and having no definite article but indefinite article.

Keywords

Dilsel Çeşitliliğin Sınırları: Türkçenin Azrak Dil Özellikleri

Öz

Dilin evrensel özelliklerini anlama çabası, sıklıkla diller arasında ortak yapısal özelliklerin saptanmasıyla gelişen dil tipolojisi çalışmalarını ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmalar dillerin genel özellikleri üzerine yoğunlaşmakta, genellemelerin dışında kalan, diğer bir deyişle dillerde daha az görülen özellikler genel kurallara aykırı olarak etiketlenmektedir. Oysaki genellemelerin dışında bırakılan bu özellikler dilsel çeşitliliğin sınırlarının ortaya koyulmasında oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ender, çok ender, seyrek ve tekçil terimleriyle ulamlandırılan genel kuralların dışında kalan özellikler bu çalışmada ‘azrak dil özellikleri’ başlığı altında toplanmış, Türkçenin dünya dillerine göre sahip olduğu azrak özelliklerini saptamak ve ortaya çıkan özellikleri Cysouw (2011)’in ≤%7.2’lik eşiği temelinde ulamlandırmak amacıyla World Atlas of Language Structures (İng. Dil Yapılarının Dünya Atlası) çevrimiçi veritabanı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre Türkçede yüksek ön yuvarlak ünlü /y/ ve orta ön yuvarlak ünlü /ø/ sesbirimlerinin aynı anda sayımcada bulunması (%4), tanıtsallığın zaman ulamının bir parçası olması (%5.7) ve belirli tanımlık bulunmaması ancak belirsiz tanımlığın bulunması (%7.2) olmak üzere üç seyrek azrak özellik saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Corpus Linguistics , Linguistic Structures (Incl. Phonology, Morphology and Syntax) , Historical, Comparative and Typological Linguistics

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Çağrı Akkuş ^*
0009-0008-9175-4129
Türkiye

Özge Can
0000-0003-2864-2649
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 24, 2024

Submission Date

July 31, 2024

Acceptance Date

October 21, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 35 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1525206

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA24KG35TE

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Akkuş, Ç., & Can, Ö. (2024). Dilsel Çeşitliliğin Sınırları: Türkçenin Azrak Dil Özellikleri. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 35(2), 167-196. https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1525206