Contact at the treetops: syntactic borrowing and syntactic complexity

Metin Bağrıaçık; Balkız Öztürk

doi:10.18492/dad.1585856

TR EN

Sözdizimsel ödünçleme ve yapısal karmaşıklık: Ön Asya Yunancasında ki yapıları

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, hâlen Trabzon’da konuşulan ve yakın geçmişe kadar Sille’de (Konya), Kapadokya’da (Niğde ve Nevşehir) ve Faraşa’da (güneybatı Kayseri) da konuşulmuş olan Ön Asya Yunanca lehçelerinde gözlemlediğimiz ki-yapılarını inceliyoruz. Bu lehçelere Türkçeden geçmiş olan ki biçimbiriminin, bu lehçelerde Hâkim Öbeği (HÖ) başı (Krifka, 2023) işlevi gördüğünü ve konuşmacının bu biçimbirim vasıtasıyla Çekim Öbeği (ÇÖ) içerisindeki savı hakkında öznel bir bilgisel yargı ifade edebildiğini öne sürüyoruz. Ayrıca ki biçimbiriminin Türkçede yalnızca HÖ içerisinde değil, ÇÖ’yü başatlayan anlatımsal alandaki tüm öbeklerin başı olarak kullanılabildiğini gösteriyoruz. Yunanca lehçelerinde ki’nin niçin anlatımsal alandaki en alt öbekte konumlandığı sorusuna cevaben A dilinden B diline geçen biçim-sözdisimsel kalıplardan çıkarılan kuralların B dilinde nasıl yerleştirildiği ile ilgili bir kısıtlama öne sürüyoruz: Bu kurallar, erek dilde ilk olarak bu kuralları ilgilendiren en alt sözdisimsel katmanda kabul edilirler. Başka bir deyişle, dillerararası etkileşim sonucu A dilinden B diline seyahat eden kuralların B diline yerleştirilmesi yapısal karmaşıklık ile bağıntılıdır.

Keywords

Contact at the treetops: syntactic borrowing and syntactic complexity

Abstract

We examine the function and structure of ki-clauses in Modern Greek dialects of Trabzon (Romeyka), Silli, Cappadocia and Pharasa. We demonstrate that ki, transferred from Turkish, has been integrated into the clausal spine of these dialects in JudgeP (Krifka, 2023), whereby the speaker renders their private epistemic judgement regarding an assertion in its scope. In the source language, Turkish, ki spells-out not only Judge head—the lowest head in the expressive layer—but all heads of this layer. Given that ki realizes solely the Judge head in the Asia Minor Greek dialects, we propose a constraint according to which the accommodation of morphosyntactic rules in contact situations commences at the lowest relevant projection of a layer relevant to that rule. In other words, the accommodation of contact-induced rules correlates with structural complexity.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Language Documentation and Description, Linguistics (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Metin Bağrıaçık ^*
0000-0003-4544-7503
Türkiye

Balkız Öztürk
0000-0002-3626-5890
Türkiye

Publication Date

January 27, 2026

Submission Date

November 15, 2024

Acceptance Date

December 30, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 36 Number: 3 - Türkiye'de Tehlikedeki Diller Özel Sayısı (Konuk Editörler: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek) / Special Issue - Endangered Languages in Turkey (Guest Editors: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek)

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1585856

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA46NZ34YK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Bağrıaçık, M., & Öztürk, B. (2026). Contact at the treetops: syntactic borrowing and syntactic complexity. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 36(3 - Türkiye’de Tehlikedeki Diller Özel Sayısı (Konuk Editörler: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek) / Special Issue - Endangered Languages in Turkey (Guest Editors: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek), 261-292. https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1585856

AMA

1.Bağrıaçık M, Öztürk B. Contact at the treetops: syntactic borrowing and syntactic complexity. JLR. 2026;36(3 - Türkiye’de Tehlikedeki Diller Özel Sayısı (Konuk Editörler: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek) / Special Issue - Endangered Languages in Turkey (Guest Editors: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek):261-292. doi:10.18492/dad.1585856

Chicago

Bağrıaçık, Metin, and Balkız Öztürk. 2026. “Contact at the Treetops: Syntactic Borrowing and Syntactic Complexity”. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi 36 (3 - Türkiye’de Tehlikedeki Diller Özel Sayısı (Konuk Editörler: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek) / Special Issue - Endangered Languages in Turkey (Guest Editors: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek): 261-92. https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1585856.

EndNote

Bağrıaçık M, Öztürk B (January 1, 2026) Contact at the treetops: syntactic borrowing and syntactic complexity. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi 36 3 - Türkiye’de Tehlikedeki Diller Özel Sayısı (Konuk Editörler: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek) / Special Issue - Endangered Languages in Turkey (Guest Editors: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek) 261–292.

IEEE

[1]M. Bağrıaçık and B. Öztürk, “Contact at the treetops: syntactic borrowing and syntactic complexity”, JLR, vol. 36, no. 3 - Türkiye’de Tehlikedeki Diller Özel Sayısı (Konuk Editörler: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek) / Special Issue - Endangered Languages in Turkey (Guest Editors: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek), pp. 261–292, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.18492/dad.1585856.

ISNAD

Bağrıaçık, Metin - Öztürk, Balkız. “Contact at the Treetops: Syntactic Borrowing and Syntactic Complexity”. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi 36/3 - Türkiye’de Tehlikedeki Diller Özel Sayısı (Konuk Editörler: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek) / Special Issue - Endangered Languages in Turkey (Guest Editors: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek) (January 1, 2026): 261-292. https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1585856.

JAMA

1.Bağrıaçık M, Öztürk B. Contact at the treetops: syntactic borrowing and syntactic complexity. JLR. 2026;36:261–292.

MLA

Bağrıaçık, Metin, and Balkız Öztürk. “Contact at the Treetops: Syntactic Borrowing and Syntactic Complexity”. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 36, no. 3 - Türkiye’de Tehlikedeki Diller Özel Sayısı (Konuk Editörler: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek) / Special Issue - Endangered Languages in Turkey (Guest Editors: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek), Jan. 2026, pp. 261-92, doi:10.18492/dad.1585856.

Vancouver

1.Metin Bağrıaçık, Balkız Öztürk. Contact at the treetops: syntactic borrowing and syntactic complexity. JLR. 2026 Jan. 1;36(3 - Türkiye’de Tehlikedeki Diller Özel Sayısı (Konuk Editörler: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek) / Special Issue - Endangered Languages in Turkey (Guest Editors: Mehmet Akkuş, Çiğdem Sağın Şimşek):261-92. doi:10.18492/dad.1585856