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Dilsel Çeşitliliğin Sınırları: Türkçenin Azrak Dil Özellikleri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 167 - 196, 24.12.2024

Çağrı Akkuş , Özge Can

https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1525206

Öz

Dilin evrensel özelliklerini anlama çabası, sıklıkla diller arasında ortak yapısal özelliklerin saptanmasıyla gelişen dil tipolojisi çalışmalarını ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmalar dillerin genel özellikleri üzerine yoğunlaşmakta, genellemelerin dışında kalan, diğer bir deyişle dillerde daha az görülen özellikler genel kurallara aykırı olarak etiketlenmektedir. Oysaki genellemelerin dışında bırakılan bu özellikler dilsel çeşitliliğin sınırlarının ortaya koyulmasında oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ender, çok ender, seyrek ve tekçil terimleriyle ulamlandırılan genel kuralların dışında kalan özellikler bu çalışmada ‘azrak dil özellikleri’ başlığı altında toplanmış, Türkçenin dünya dillerine göre sahip olduğu azrak özelliklerini saptamak ve ortaya çıkan özellikleri Cysouw (2011)’in ≤%7.2’lik eşiği temelinde ulamlandırmak amacıyla World Atlas of Language Structures (İng. Dil Yapılarının Dünya Atlası) çevrimiçi veritabanı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre Türkçede yüksek ön yuvarlak ünlü /y/ ve orta ön yuvarlak ünlü /ø/ sesbirimlerinin aynı anda sayımcada bulunması (%4), tanıtsallığın zaman ulamının bir parçası olması (%5.7) ve belirli tanımlık bulunmaması ancak belirsiz tanımlığın bulunması (%7.2) olmak üzere üç seyrek azrak özellik saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

dilsel çeşitlilik azrak dil özellikleri dil evrenselleri dil tipolojisi

Kaynakça

  • Aikhenvald, A. ve Dixon, R. M. W. (2017). The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Typology. Cambridge University Press.
  • Aksan, D. (1983). Sözcük Türleri (Ad, Sıfat, Belirteç, Adıl, İlgeç, Bağlaç, Ünlem, Eylem). Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Banguoğlu, T. (1990). Türkçenin Grameri. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basım Evi.
  • Berge, A. (2010). Unexpected non-anaphoric marking in Aleut. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 1-22). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Bickel, B. (2017). Belhare. G. Thurgood, R. J. LaPolla (Yay. haz.), The Sino-Tibetan Languages içinde (s. 701). Routledge.
  • Bickel, B. ve Nichols, J. (2003). Typological enclaves. 5th Biannual Conference of the Association for Linguistic Typology, Cagliari, September (Vol. 18) içinde.
  • Booij, G. E. (2005). The grammar of words. Oxford University Press.
  • Butskhrikidze, M. (2010). The nature of consonant sequences in Modern Georgian. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 23-46). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Chen, R. ve Liu, H. (2014). Quantitative aspects of journal of quantitative linguistics. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics, 21(4), 299-340.
  • Comrie, B. (1988). Linguistic typology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 17, 145-159.
  • Croft, W. (1990). Typology and universals. Cambridge University Press.
  • Cysouw, M. (2011). Quantitative explorations of the worldwide distribution of rare characteristics, or: The exceptionality of northwestern European languages. Expecting the Unexpected: Exceptions in Grammar, 411–432.
  • Cysouw, M. ve Wohlgemuth, J. (2010). The other end of universals: theory and typology of rara. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory içinde (s. 1-10). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Daniel, M. (2005). Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns. M. Haspelmath, M. S. Dryer, D. Gill ve B. Comrie (Yay. haz.), The World Atlas of Language Structures içinde (s. 146-149). Oxford University Press.
  • de Haan, F. (2005). Coding of Evidentiality. M. Haspelmath, M. S. Dryer, D. Gill ve B. Comrie (Yay. haz.), The World Atlas of Language Structures içinde (s. 318-321). Oxford University Press.
  • de Haan, F. (2013). Coding of Evidentiality. M.S. Dryer ve M. Haspelmath (Yay. haz.), WALS Online (v2020.3) içinde [Veri seti]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385533 http://wals.info/chapter/78 Erişim tarihi: 15.07.2024
  • De Vogelaer, G. ve van der Auwera, J. (2010). When typological rara generate rarissima: analogical extension of verbal agreement in Dutch dialects. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 47-74). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Dryer, M, S. (2005). Definite articles. M. Haspelmath, M. S. Dryer, D. Gill ve B. Comrie (Yay. haz.), The World Atlas of Language Structures içinde (s. 154-157). Oxford University Press.
  • Dryer, M, S. (2013). Definite Articles. M.S. Dryer ve M. Haspelmath (Yay. haz.), WALS Online (v2020.3) içinde [Veri seti]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385533 http://wals.info/chapter/37 Erişim tarihi: 15.07.2024
  • Dryer, M. S. ve Haspelmath, M. (2013). WALS Online (v2020.3) [Veri seti]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385533 Erişim tarihi: 25. 05. 2024
  • Eberhard, D. M., Simons, G. F. ve Fenning, C. D. (Yay. haz.). 2024. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. http://www.ethnologue.com Erişim tarihi: 06. 10. 2024
  • Engin, M. (2009). Türk Dil Bilgisi. Bayrak Yayıncılık.
  • Evans, N. ve Wilkins, D. (2000). In the mind’s ear: The semantic extensions of perception verbs in Australian languages. Language, 76 (3) 546-592.
  • Fábregas, A. ve Scalise, S. (2012). Morphology: From data to theories. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Ferguson, C. A. (1978). Historical background of universals research. Greenberg, Ferguson, and Moravcsik (ed.), Universals of human language, 1.
  • Frerick, D. (2006). Raritäten in den Sprachen der Welt. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster.
  • Gencan, T. N. (1974). Dilbilgisi. Kanaat Yayınları.
  • Gerner, M. ve Bisang, W. (2010). Social-deixis classifiers in Weining Ahmao. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 75-94). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Göksel, A. ve Kerslake, C. (2005). Turkish: A comprehensive grammar. Routledge.
  • Greenberg, J. H. (1963). Some Universals of Grammar with Particular Reference to the Order of Meaningful Elements. Universals of language: Report of a conference held at Dobbs Ferry, New York, April 13-15, 1961. MIT.
  • Hammarström, H. (2010). Rarities in numeral systems. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory içinde (s. 11-60). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Hammarström, H., Forkel, R., Haspelmath, M. ve Bank, S. (2024). Glottolog 5.0 [Veri seti]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10804357 Erişim tarihi: 06.10.2024
  • Hanke, T. (2010). Additional rarities in the typology of numerals. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory içinde (s. 61-90). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Harris, C. A. (2010). Explaining typologically unusual structures: the role of probability. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory içinde (s. 91-104). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Haspelmath, M. (2009). The Typological Database of the World Atlas of Language Structures. The Use of Databases in Cross-Linguistic Studies. Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Haude, K. (2010). “She kisses her late husband” = “She kissed her husband”: nominal tense in Movima. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 95-116). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Helmbrecht, J. (2010). The accentual system of Hocak. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 117-144). De Gruyter Mouton.
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The Fringes of Linguistic Variety: The Rare Features of Turkish

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 167 - 196, 24.12.2024

Çağrı Akkuş , Özge Can

https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1525206

Öz

The effort to understand the universal features of language often brings linguistic typology studies, which develop by identifying common structural features among languages, to the forefront. These studies focus on the general features of languages while features that fall outside of generalizations, in other words, those that are less frequently seen in languages, are labeled as exceptions to generalizations. However, features that are considered exceptions to the generalizations have a vital role in revealing the limits of linguistic variety. In this study, the features that are exceptions to the generalizations, categorized by the the terms rara, rarissima, infrequent and unique, are gathered under the title of ‘rare linguistic features’. World Atlas of Language Structures online database was used to determine the rare language features Turkish has compared to the world languages and to categorize the resulting features based on Cysouw’s (2011) threshold of ≤7.2%. According to the data obtained, three rare infrequent features were determined in Turkish: the simultaneous presence of high front rounded vowel /y/ and middle front rounded /ø/ phonemes in the inventory (%4), evidentiality being a part of the tense system (%5.7) and having no definite article but indefinite article.

Anahtar Kelimeler

linguistic variety rare linguistic features linguistic universals linguistic typology

Kaynakça

  • Aikhenvald, A. ve Dixon, R. M. W. (2017). The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Typology. Cambridge University Press.
  • Aksan, D. (1983). Sözcük Türleri (Ad, Sıfat, Belirteç, Adıl, İlgeç, Bağlaç, Ünlem, Eylem). Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Banguoğlu, T. (1990). Türkçenin Grameri. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basım Evi.
  • Berge, A. (2010). Unexpected non-anaphoric marking in Aleut. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 1-22). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Bickel, B. (2017). Belhare. G. Thurgood, R. J. LaPolla (Yay. haz.), The Sino-Tibetan Languages içinde (s. 701). Routledge.
  • Bickel, B. ve Nichols, J. (2003). Typological enclaves. 5th Biannual Conference of the Association for Linguistic Typology, Cagliari, September (Vol. 18) içinde.
  • Booij, G. E. (2005). The grammar of words. Oxford University Press.
  • Butskhrikidze, M. (2010). The nature of consonant sequences in Modern Georgian. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 23-46). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Chen, R. ve Liu, H. (2014). Quantitative aspects of journal of quantitative linguistics. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics, 21(4), 299-340.
  • Comrie, B. (1988). Linguistic typology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 17, 145-159.
  • Croft, W. (1990). Typology and universals. Cambridge University Press.
  • Cysouw, M. (2011). Quantitative explorations of the worldwide distribution of rare characteristics, or: The exceptionality of northwestern European languages. Expecting the Unexpected: Exceptions in Grammar, 411–432.
  • Cysouw, M. ve Wohlgemuth, J. (2010). The other end of universals: theory and typology of rara. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory içinde (s. 1-10). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Daniel, M. (2005). Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns. M. Haspelmath, M. S. Dryer, D. Gill ve B. Comrie (Yay. haz.), The World Atlas of Language Structures içinde (s. 146-149). Oxford University Press.
  • de Haan, F. (2005). Coding of Evidentiality. M. Haspelmath, M. S. Dryer, D. Gill ve B. Comrie (Yay. haz.), The World Atlas of Language Structures içinde (s. 318-321). Oxford University Press.
  • de Haan, F. (2013). Coding of Evidentiality. M.S. Dryer ve M. Haspelmath (Yay. haz.), WALS Online (v2020.3) içinde [Veri seti]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385533 http://wals.info/chapter/78 Erişim tarihi: 15.07.2024
  • De Vogelaer, G. ve van der Auwera, J. (2010). When typological rara generate rarissima: analogical extension of verbal agreement in Dutch dialects. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 47-74). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Dryer, M, S. (2005). Definite articles. M. Haspelmath, M. S. Dryer, D. Gill ve B. Comrie (Yay. haz.), The World Atlas of Language Structures içinde (s. 154-157). Oxford University Press.
  • Dryer, M, S. (2013). Definite Articles. M.S. Dryer ve M. Haspelmath (Yay. haz.), WALS Online (v2020.3) içinde [Veri seti]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385533 http://wals.info/chapter/37 Erişim tarihi: 15.07.2024
  • Dryer, M. S. ve Haspelmath, M. (2013). WALS Online (v2020.3) [Veri seti]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385533 Erişim tarihi: 25. 05. 2024
  • Eberhard, D. M., Simons, G. F. ve Fenning, C. D. (Yay. haz.). 2024. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. http://www.ethnologue.com Erişim tarihi: 06. 10. 2024
  • Engin, M. (2009). Türk Dil Bilgisi. Bayrak Yayıncılık.
  • Evans, N. ve Wilkins, D. (2000). In the mind’s ear: The semantic extensions of perception verbs in Australian languages. Language, 76 (3) 546-592.
  • Fábregas, A. ve Scalise, S. (2012). Morphology: From data to theories. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Ferguson, C. A. (1978). Historical background of universals research. Greenberg, Ferguson, and Moravcsik (ed.), Universals of human language, 1.
  • Frerick, D. (2006). Raritäten in den Sprachen der Welt. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster.
  • Gencan, T. N. (1974). Dilbilgisi. Kanaat Yayınları.
  • Gerner, M. ve Bisang, W. (2010). Social-deixis classifiers in Weining Ahmao. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 75-94). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Göksel, A. ve Kerslake, C. (2005). Turkish: A comprehensive grammar. Routledge.
  • Greenberg, J. H. (1963). Some Universals of Grammar with Particular Reference to the Order of Meaningful Elements. Universals of language: Report of a conference held at Dobbs Ferry, New York, April 13-15, 1961. MIT.
  • Hammarström, H. (2010). Rarities in numeral systems. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory içinde (s. 11-60). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Hammarström, H., Forkel, R., Haspelmath, M. ve Bank, S. (2024). Glottolog 5.0 [Veri seti]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10804357 Erişim tarihi: 06.10.2024
  • Hanke, T. (2010). Additional rarities in the typology of numerals. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory içinde (s. 61-90). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Harris, C. A. (2010). Explaining typologically unusual structures: the role of probability. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory içinde (s. 91-104). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Haspelmath, M. (2009). The Typological Database of the World Atlas of Language Structures. The Use of Databases in Cross-Linguistic Studies. Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Haude, K. (2010). “She kisses her late husband” = “She kissed her husband”: nominal tense in Movima. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 95-116). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Helmbrecht, J. (2010). The accentual system of Hocak. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 117-144). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Hitch, D. (2017). Vowel spaces and systems. Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics, 38. University of Toronto.
  • Hockett, C. F. (1963). The problem of universals in language. Universals of language: Report of a conference held at Dobbs Ferry, New York, April 13-15, 1961. MIT.
  • Hyman, L. M. (2010). Affixation by place of articulation: The case of Tiene. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 145-184). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Iacobini, C. (2006). Morphological Typology. Brown, K (Yay. haz), Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics içinde (s. 278-282). Elsevier.
  • Iosad, P. (2010). Right at the left edge: initial consonant mutations in the languages of the world. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory içinde (s. 105-138). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Johanson, L., ve Robbeets, M. I. (2010). Transeurasian Verbal Morphology in a Comparative Perspective: Genealogy, Contact, Chance. Harrassowitz.
  • Kelkar-Stephan, L. (2010). Future tense to express habitual past or present, and past tense to express immediate future. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 185-208). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Klamer, M. ve Kratochvil, F. (2010). Abui tripartite verbs: exploring the limits of compositionality. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 209-234). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Klamer, Marian (1998). A Grammar of Kambera. (Mouton Grammar Library, 18.) Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Korkmaz, Z. (2009). Türkiye Türkçesi Grameri. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Kornfilt, J. (1997). Turkish. Routledge.
  • Kortmann, B., Lunkenheimer, K. ve Ehret, K. (2020). The Electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English. Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3712132 Erişim tarihi: 21.07.2024
  • Kroeger, P. (2005). Analyzing grammar: An introduction. Cambridge University Press.
  • Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge University Press.
  • Lieber, R. (2009). Introducing morphology. Cambridge University Press.
  • Littell, P., Mortensen D., Lin K., Kairis, K., Turner, C. ve Lori L. (2017). URIEL and lang2vec: Representing language as typological, geographical, and phylogenetic vectors. Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Volume 2 (s. 8-14).
  • Maddieson, I. (2005). Front rounded vowels. M. Haspelmath, M. S. Dryer, D. Gill ve B. Comrie (Yay. haz.), The World Atlas of Language Structures içinde (s. 50-53). Oxford University Press.
  • Maddieson, I. (2013). Front Rounded Vowels. M.S. Dryer ve M. Haspelmath (Yay. haz.), WALS Online (v2020.3) içinde [Veri seti]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385533 http://wals.info/chapter/11 Erişim tarihi: 15.07.2024
  • Malchukov, A. (2010). “Quirky” case: rare phenomena in case-marking and their implications for a theory of typological distributions. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory içinde (s. 139-168). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • McFarland, T. (2010). Ideophones and templatic morphology in Toton. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 235-246). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Michaelis, S. M., Maurer, P., Haspelmath, M. ve Huber, M. (2013). Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Antropology. http://apics-online.info Erişim tarihi: 21.07.2024
  • Miestamo, M. (2010). Negatives without negators. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory içinde (s. 169-194). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Moran, S. ve McCloy, D. (2019). PHOIBLE 2.0. Jena: Max Plank Institute for Science of Human History. http://phoible.org Erişim tarihi: 21.07.2024
  • Newmeyer, J. F. (2010). Accounting for rare typological features in formal syntax: three strategies and some general remarks. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory içinde (s. 195-222). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Nitz, E. ve Nordhoff, S. (2010). Subtractive plural morphology in Sinhala. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 247-266). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Öztürk, B. (2005). Case, referentiality and phrase structure. Doktora Tezi. Harvard University.
  • Pilot-Raichoor, C. (2010). The Dravidian zero negative: diachronic context of its morphogenesis and conceptualisation. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 267-304). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Plank, F. (2000). Das grammatische Raritätenkabinett. A leisurely collection to entertain and instruct. https://typo.uni-konstanz.de/raraalt/intro/index.php Erişim tarihi: 16.05.2024
  • Plank, F. ve Schellinger, W. (1997). The uneven distribution of genders over numbers: Greenberg Nos. 37 and 45. Linguistic Typology, 1(1), 53-101.
  • Rhodes, A. R. (2010). Relative root complement: a unique grammatical relation in Algonquian syntax. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 305-324). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Rijkhoff, J. (2010). Rara and grammatical theory. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory içinde (s. 223-240). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Schleicher, A. (1859). Zur Morphologie der Sprache. 1. Baskı. No. 7. Eggers.
  • Singer, R. (2010). Mawng lexicalised agreement in typological perspective. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 325-340). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Song, J. J. (2001). Linguistic typology: Morphology and syntax. Routledge.
  • Sweetser, E. (1990). From etymology to pragmatics: Metaphorical and cultural aspects of semantic structure. Cambridge University Press.
  • Tuttle, G. S. (2010). Syllabic Obstruents in Ahtna Athabaskan. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 341-358). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Underhill, R. (1976). Turkish Grammar. The MIT Press.
  • Uusküla, M. ve Sutrop, U. (2010). The puzzle of two terms for red in Hungarian. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 359-376). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Voisin-Nouguier, S. (2010). Possessive voice in Wolof: a rare type of valency operator. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rara & Rarissima: Documenting the fringes of linguistic diversity içinde (s. 377-400). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Wichmann, S. ve Holman, W. E. (2010). Pairwise comparisons of typological profiles. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory içinde (s. 241-254). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Wohlgemuth, J. (2010). Language endangerment, community size and typological rarity. J. Wohlgemuth ve M. Cysouw (Yay. haz.), Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory içinde (s.255-278). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Wohlgemuth, J. ve Cysouw, M. (2010). Rethinking Universals: How Rarities Affect Linguistic Theory. Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Yüzer, A.F. (2009). İstatistik (Vol. 1448). Anadolu Üniversitesi.
Toplam 80 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Bütünce Dilbilimi, Dilsel Yapılar (Fonoloji, Morfoloji ve Sözdizimi dahil), Tarihsel, Karşılaştırmalı ve Biçimsel Dilbilim
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Çağrı Akkuş 0009-0008-9175-4129

Özge Can 0000-0003-2864-2649

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 21 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akkuş, Ç., & Can, Ö. (2024). Dilsel Çeşitliliğin Sınırları: Türkçenin Azrak Dil Özellikleri. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 35(2), 167-196. https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1525206

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Dergi DOI:10.18492/dad